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amills1
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What is ERV, expiratory reserve volume
volume of gas that can be exhaled beyond a normal tidal exhalation
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What is IRV, inspiratory reserve volume
volume of gas that can be inhaled beyond a normal tidal inhalation
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What is RV, residual volume
volume of gas remaining in lungs after ERV has been exhaled
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Define hyper/hypoxemia and what is normal range
- high or low oxygen level in blood
- WNL adults:80-100mm Hg
- WNL child: 75-80mm Hg
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Define hyper/hypocapnemia and what is WNL
- high or low CO2 in blood
- WNL adult: 35-45mm HG
- WNL child: 34-54mm HG
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With respiratory acidosis/alkalosis what is high or low in the blood? Whats normal PH level?
- acidosis=too much co2
- alkalosis= too much O2
- 7.3-7.45 normal PH level
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what is tidal volume and what is normal for adults and children
- the amount of gas inhaled and exhaled during a normal breath
- WNL adults: 500ml
- WNL children: 20ml
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What is functional residual capacity.
The amount of air that resides in lungs after a normal resting tidal exhalation
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What is VC, vital capacity
amount of air that is under volitional control, measured as a FVC, forced vital capacity
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What is FEV (forced expiratory volume)1? What is healthy?
Healthy is FEV 70% of total FVC (forced vital capacity) in one second.
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With COPD which is increased? IRV (inspiratory reserve volume) or RV (reserve volume), why and what problem does this cause?
- RV
- This means after a normal exhale there is still a large volume of air in lungs. Air is "trapped". Does not leave much room for inhalation.
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Asthma and CF results in hyperinflation or hypoinflation?
hyperinflation, air is trapped and FEV1 is decreased
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What occurs with restrictive lung disease?
- Lungs have difficulty expanding
- IRV is increased (inspiratory reserve volume)
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differences between COPD and restrictive lung disease?
restrictive has non-productive cough, expiratory flow rates are near WNL with restrictive, and decreased chest expansion with restrictive
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What is clubbing and is it a sign of hypo or hyper oxia
- hypo
- tips of fingers become bulbous and bluish
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Norms for HR, BP, RR for adults
- HR: 60-100bpm
- BP: <120/80mm HG
- RR: 12-20 br/min
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Norms for HR, BP, RR for infants
- HR: 120 bpm
- BP: 75/50mm HG
- RR: 40 br/min
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what type of breath sound is vesicular?
- normal
- soft rustling sound heard throughout all of inspiration and beginning of expiration
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what breath sound is bronchial
- more hollow, echoing sound
- normal, heard at right superior anterior thorax
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what is crackles (rales or crepitations) and what is it associated with
- crackling sound usually with inspiration
- that indicated atelectasis, fibrosis, pulmonary edema
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what is Atelectasis
part(s) of a lung collapse or fail to inflate normally
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what is wheezes and what is it associated with?
- "musical" pitched sound normally heard with expiration caused by airway obstruction
- asthma, COPD, aspiration
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