Development-Infant

Gain 1/2 to 1 ox per day

Gain 1/2 oz per day

1 inch/month

1/2 inch/month

1/2 inch/month

1/4 inch/month

Average of 2 inches per year

• Vision-gaze at bright objects track 40-45 degrees
• Hearing-Responds to sounds with reflexive behavior (startle)
• Gross motor-Symmetrical movements, can lift head when prone, strong reflexes-grasp, asymmetric tonic neck, sucking, rooting

• Fine motor-hands in closed position, will grasp if placed in hand
• Vocalization-Strong cry, throaty feeding sounds
• Socialization-watches face intently

Palmar, plantar grasp

Stepping reflex

Rooting reflex

• Vision-can track 90 degrees, watch parent intently
• Hearing-turn toward sound
• Gross motor-Flexed position when prone, lift head 45 degrees, hold head upright momentarily, hands fisted

• Fine motor-grasp reflex lessens-peel fingers off
• Vocalization-crying differentiated, coo to familiar voices
• Socialization-social smile

• Fencing/asymmetrical posture
• tonic neck

• Vision-180 degree peripheral vision, binocular vision, eyes converge to near object, doll's eye reflex disappear
• Hearing-turn toward sound
• Vocal-Laugh, consonant sounds: n, k, g, p, b

• Moro-disappear at 4 months
• Tonic neck-disappears 4-6 month
• Stepping disappear-3-4 months
• Rooting disappear- 3-4 months except during sleep

• Gross motor-no head lage when pulled to sitting, balance head well when sitting, rolls front to back, back to side, rais head and chest 90 degrees
• Fine motor-hands midline; inspects hands, grasp with both hands, carries objects to mouth, reaches for objects but overshoots

Socialization-excitement with whole body, anticipates feedings when see bottle/breast, show interest in new stimuli, enjoy social interaction and demands by fussing

• Moro-sensation being dropped hands go out-hands in over chest to calm
• Tonic neck-(fencing)
• Grasp
• Step
• Crawl

• Hearing-No reaction to sudden or loud noises; doesn't appear to listen to speaker voice; doesn't find speaker voice
• Muscle tone-doesn't raise head when lying on stomach
• Neglect-left to lie in crib for long periods of time without visual or auditory stimulation

• doesn't turn to person speaking
• Doesn't respond with being played with
• Not visually alert
• Never laughs or smiles
• No babbling
• Doesn't reach for toy
• Doesn't lift head/arch back when prone
• Rigid body movements (hypertonia)
• Not gaining weight (neglect?)
• No signs of attachment-unresponsive to mom or dad
• Overprotection-little stimulation or encouragement for exploring

• Caregivers unrealistic expectations of infant ability to control behavior
• Dissatisfaction with infant's begining independence
• Temperamental variability-too good or too irritable

• Vision-studies hand, recognizes bottle, visual accomodation-can reach and grasp
• Hearing-locates objects side to side and up and down (test-ring bell above head)
• Vocalization-imitates sounds-does raspberry; babbles single syllables (ma, da, hi)-vocalizes to toys during day

• Gross motor
• lift chest and upper abdomen off table-pushes up on arms
• Sits in high chair
• Lifts head with no head lag; anticipates lift
• Rolls back to front
• Bears weight when held upright

• develops eye hand coordination
• transfers objects hand to hand
• drops block when handed another
• holds bottle
• index finger extends, rest of hand flexed

• recognize parent, begins fear of strangers
• Holds out arms to be picked up
• Briefly searches for lost object
• Frequent mood swings

• Vision-increased eye hand coordination, changes posture to see something, prefers yellow and red, can discriminate between simple geometric shapes
• Hear-turn head to locate sounds, respond to own name

• combine syllables (mama, baba)-doesn't know meaning
• Responds to simple verbal commands
• Comprehends no-no and bye-bye
• Babbles and immitate sounds

6.5 months

• parachute reflex appearing
• 3 or more teeth
• more regular bowel and bladder habits