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Compliance
http://faculty.msmc.edu/zychowic/520resp/
- lungs ability of expanding under certain pressure
- Compliance ↑ very easy to inflate
- Compliance ↓ hard to inflate
- Factors:
- 1. lung tissue
- 2. alveolar surface tension
- 3. ↓ compliance= more work
- 4. energy expenditure
- 1. Lung Tissue-- elastic forces, dependent om surface tension of alveolar walls
- 2. Alveolar Surface Tension--surfactant(typeII alveolar epithelial tissue, phospholipids, proteins, and ions (especially Ca+) ↓Surfactant ↓Compliance
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V/Q balance/imbalance (Ventilation/Perfusion Imbalance)
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Hypoxic v. Hypercapnic Respiratory Drives
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Forced Expiratory volume in 1 second-FEV1
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Residual Volume
- amount of air remaining in the lungs (alveoli) after a maximal exhalation
- 1,200 mL
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Tidal Volume
- volume of exhaled air after a normal respiration
- 500 mL
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Vital Capacity
- total amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled after a maximal inhalation
- (the largest amount of air that can enter and leave the lungs during a forced respiration)
- 4,500 - 5,000 mL
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Review the normal role of the respiratory system: primary v. secondary respiratory centers, normal blood gas values, and role of the respiratory system in the maintenance of acid/base balance regulation
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Explain the pathophysiology of asthma: causes, major pathologic feature, pathophysiological changes within the respiratory tract, acid/base imbalances, respiratory phase initially affeted, V/Q imbalance, clinical manifestations, and changes in airway resistance and compliance.
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Explain the pathophysiology of emphysema: causes, changes in elasticity/airway resistance and compliance, V/Q imbalance, acid/base imbalance, and change in respiratory drive
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Explain pathophysiology of Chronic Bronchitis: causes, changes in airway resistance and compliance, V/Q imbalance, acid/base imbalance, and change in respiratory drive
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Explain pathophysiology of Pneumonia: causes, bacterial v. viral, clinical manifestations. List the most common causative micro-organisms. Discuss pathological lung tissue changes in airway resistance, compliance, V/Q and acid/base imbalance
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Explain pathophysiology of Tuberculosis: causes, clinical manifestations, role of immune system
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