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GFRP
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic
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CFRP
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic
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Body of the aircraft
Fuselage
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Primary lift generating component of an aircraft
Wings
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Triangular material, attached to the leading edge of a wing towards the root area. Designed to induce turbulent airflow at higher angles of attack, resulting in a stall in that particular section of the wing.
Stall strip
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Delay airflow separation from the upper surface of the wings and increase control surface effectiveness, throughout most phases of flight.
Vortex generators
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Gives longitudinal control
Elevator (attached to the horizontal stabilizer)
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Gives lateral control
Aileron
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Gives yaw control
Rudder (attached to vertical stabilizer)
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Degree of castering nose wheel
60
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Four stroke operating cycle
- Intake
- Compression
- Power
- Exhaust
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Covers the powerplant
Cowling
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Attaches below the front of the engine and is an entry point for air
Air intake
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Converts brake horsepower from the engine into thrust
Propeller
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Force that moves the aircraft through the air
Thrust
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Aligns itself with the magnetic axis formed by the N/S magnetic field of the earth
Magnetic compass
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Provides system pressure indications to the pilot
Vacuum Guage
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Reads and displays the rotations per minute (RPMs) of the engine
Engine tachometer
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Shows the aircraft's indicated airspeed in nautical miles per hours (kts)
Airspeed indicator and markings
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Shows pitch and roll
Attitude indicator
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Indicates an aircraft's MSL altitude by sensing pressure changes
Altimeter
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Displays aircraft's position in relation to a selected course
Course deviation
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Shows when the airplane is slipping or skidding
Turn coordinator
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Shows the direction of the plane in relation to a preset heading
Heading indicator
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Gives an indication of rate of climb or descent based on deviation from a constant pressure level
Vertical speed indicator
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Shows the current flowing between the battery and the main bus
Ammeter
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Shows voltage on the main bus
Voltmeter
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Number of separate brake systems
2
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Fuel filter bowl; Acts as a trap for sediment and water that has entered the fuel line from the tank
Gascolator
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Provides induction air to the engine cylinders and air to the heater and defroster
Pneumatic system
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Supplies air to the air distribution system
Engine induction air
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Number of air intake openings
3
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Supplies air through a filter assembly and large flexible hose to the engine intake manifold
Left (primary)
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Supplies unfiltered air through a duct and large flexible hose to the heat-exchanger on the muffler
Right opening
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Alternate air intake
Rear opening
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Pneumatic System source
Ambient air
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Pneumatic System carrier
Scat tubes
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Pneumatic System user
Engine and heater
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Pneumatic System pump
Ram air
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Pneumatic System bypass
Alternate air
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Pneumatic System filter
Engine air inlet filter
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Fuel system source
Fuel tank
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Fuel system carrier
Fuel lines
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Fuel system user
Engine/Cylinders
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Fuel system pump(s)
Dukes electric/mechanical engine driven
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Fuel system bypass
Incorporated in the Dukes fuel pump
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Fuel system filter
Gascolator
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Brake system source
Hydraulic reservoirs behind brake pedals
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Brake system carrier
Brake lines
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Brake system user
Disc brakes
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Brake system pump
Brake pedals
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Brake system bypass
Parking brake valve (2 way)
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Brake system filter
Parking brake valve (2 way valve)
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Number of ignition systems
2
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Components of the ignition system
- Ignition switch
- Ignition cables
- Two Magnetos
- Starting vibrator "Shower of Sparks" system
- Ignition Harness (spark plug leads)
- Spark plugs
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Positions of ignition switch
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Left/Right magnetos connect to which spark plugs?
Top/Bottom
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What happens when the ignition switch is turned to START and the GEN/BAT is on?
- Main bus supplies power to the ignition switch
- Ignition switch gives a positive supply to the starter relay
- Starter relay energizes. Relay contacts close
- Starter solenoid energizes
- Contacts in solenoid close to complete the power circuit to the starter motor
- Motor turns the engine
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Ignition system pathway
Ignition switch, Magnetos, Ignition leads, Sparks plugs
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Oil system source
Oil sump (wet)
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Oil system carrier
Oil lines
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Oil system user
Engine accessories (cylinders and components)
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Oil system pump
Engine driven oil pump
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Oil system bypass
Inside oil filter
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Oil system filter
Oil filter
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Oil system pathway
- Wet oil sump
- Engine driven oil pump
- Oil filter
- Vernatherm or Bypass to Oil cooler
- Engine accessories
- Cylinders
- Components
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2 sources of electrical power
- 14 volt generator
- 12 volt battery
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Supplies power for the system under normal operation
14 volt generator
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Type of electrical system
14 volt DC
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Electrical system source
Battery (12 volt, 20 Amp/Hr)
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Electrical system carrier
Electrical wiring
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Electrical system user
Electrical equipment (avionics, trim system, lighting, instruments, etc.)
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Electrical system pump
Alternator (14 V, 40 Amp.)
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Electrical system bypass
Circuit breakers
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Electrical system filter
Electrical bus
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Components of the pitot-static system
- Combined pitot-static probe below the left wing
- Airspeed indicator
- Altimeter
- VSI
- Blind altitude encoder (mode C)
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Supplies pitot pressure and static pressure to the air data instruments
Pitot-static system
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Supplies transponder for Mode C operation and the the GPS for altitude input
Blind Altitude Encoder
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Directs ram air through the exhaust heat shroud into the valve
Cabin heat system
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8 major components
- Fuselage
- Wings
- Cockpit
- Canopy
- Empennage (tail)
- Flight controls
- Landing gear
- Powerplant (engine and propeller)
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Reciprocating engines: Four strokes
- Intake (Suck)
- Compression (squeeze)
- Power (push)
- Exhaust (blow)
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Basic parts of a propeller
- Tip
- Leading edge
- Trailing edge
- Root
- Hub
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Returns vapors to the gas tank
Vapor separator
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Delivers fuel to the throttle body
Engine driven fuel pump
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Specified fuel for the DA-20
AVGAS 100LL
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Stabilizes, divides, and routes air proportionally to each of the four engine cylinders
Plenum
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Ignition system source
Magneto
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Ignition system carrier
Ignition wires
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Ignition system user
Spark plugs
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Ignition system pump
Starter
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Ignition system bypass
Key ignition switch
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Ignition system filter
Capacitor
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Oil weight per gallon
7.5
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3 types of oil that can be used in the DA-20
- Mineral
- Ashless Dispersant (most common)
- Semi-Synthetic
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Voltmeter close to 12
Prior to engine start
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Voltmeter close to 14
When alternator is functioning
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Two functions of the vernatherm
- Senses oil temp
- Senses the differential oil pressure across the oil cooler
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