Equidistant from the poles is an imaginary circle called...
Equator
Drawn from pole to pole at right angles to the equator
Meridians of longitude
Used as the zero degree line
Prime meridian
Lat and Long: which is stated first?
Latitude
Where longitudinal meridians converge
True North
Attracts the needle of a compass
Magnetic North
Angular difference b/t true north and magnetic north
Magnetic variation
Depicted on sectional charts using dashed magenta colored lines
Isogonic lines (equal variation)
Points where magnetic north and true north are the same
Agonic line
Course measured with respect to true north (using lat and long
True Course (TC)
Course with respect to magnetic north
Magnetic course (MC)
Time at the prime meridian and is represented in aviation operations by the letter Z
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)
Converting Zulu time
EST +5
CST +6
MST +7
PST +8
Subtract 1 hour for daylight saving time
Magnetic compass deflection
Deviation
VFR cruising altitudes
Apply at or above 3,000' AGL
Magnetic course 000d to 179d fly at odd thousands plus 500
Magnetic course 180d to 359d fly at even thousands plus 500
Navigation: what to know
Starting point
Ending point
Distance to travel
Wind
Aircraft speed
Aircraft fuel capacity/burn rate
Aircraft load
Computations of direction and distance from a known position
Dead reckoning
Navigation by reference to visible landmarks
Pilotage
The use of radio aids
Radio navigation
Methods of navigation
Dead reckoning
Pilotage
Radio navigation
3 main VFR charts
Sectional (most common*****)
VFR terminal area charts
World aeronautical chart
1:500,000 scale
Sectional aeronautical chart
1:250,000 scale
VFR terminal area chart
1:1,000,000 scale
World aeronautical charts
Includes airport data, nav aids, airspace, and topography
Sectional aeronautical charts
3 types of north
True
Magnetic
Grid or Map
Connecting points on the Earth of equal elevation
Contour lines
MEF - Maximum Elevation Figure
Ensures you are clear of all obstructions in that area 125 = 12,500'
UC
Under construction
3 segments of GPS
Space
User
Control
Pictorial representation of a portion of the Earth's surface upon which lines and symbols in a variety of colors represent features and/or details that can be seen on the Earth's surface.
VFR sectional charts
Shown by boxing airport name
FAR 93
Airports where fixed wing special visual flight rules operations are prohibited
FAR 91; Shown by "NO SVFR" above airport name
Shown by a broken magenta line
NSA
Line of magnetic bearing extending outward from the VOR station
Radial
Network of satellites who’s orbits are arranged so that at least six satellites are always within line of sight from almost everywhere on Earth's surface
