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Which blood products do not carry a risk of HIV and hepatitis?
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What is donated blood screened for?
- HIV
- HepB
- HepC
- HTLV
- Syphilis
- West Nile Virus
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When do you use CMV-negative blood?
- Low-birth-weight infants
- Bone marrow transplant patients
- Orthe transplant patients
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#1 cause of death from transfusion reaction?
Clerical error leading to ABO incompatability
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Acute hemolysis reaction?
- From ABO incompatability
- Back pain, chills, tachycardia, fever, hemoglobinuria -> ATN, DIC, and/or shock
- Haptoglobin <50, free Hgb >5, increased unconjugated bili
- Tx with fluids, diuretics, HCO3, pressors, and antihistamines
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Delayed hemolysis reaction?
- Antibody-mediated against minor antigens
- Observe if stable
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Nonimmune hemolysis?
- From swueezed blood
- Tx with fluids and diuretics
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What is the most common transfusion reaction?
Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction
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Febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction?
- Recipient antibody reaction against donor RBCs
- Discontinue if pt has had previous transfusions or if occurs soon after transfusion has begun
- Use WBC filters for subsequent transfusions
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Anaphylaxis?
- Presents as bronchospasm, hypotension, urticaria
- Usually recipient antibodies against donor IgA
- Tx with fluids, Lasix, pressors, steroids, epi, and Benadryl
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TRALI
- Rare
- Caused by donor antibodies to recipient WBCs
- Causes clot in pulmonary capillaries
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Most common bacterial contaminate of blood products?
GNRs, usually E coli
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How many units to cause dilutional thrombocytopenia?
Approx 10 U
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Most common electrolyte abnormality after massive transfusion?
Hypocalcemia - disrupts clotting
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Most common blood product source of contamination?
Platelets
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