AP World chapter 1-4 vocab

• 1) In China a political system 2) that emphasized the
• unruliness of human nature and justified state oppression and control

• 1)Chinese philosophy, originated during the Warring States period with Laozi (604-531 BCE). 2)Daoism offered an alternative to Confucian emphasis oh hierarchy and duty
• 3)Daoism taught to accept the world as you find it, avoid futile struggles, and
• deviate as little as possible from the Dao, or “path” of nature.

• Egyptian
• name for Nubia. Kingdom south of Egypt in the early 2 millennium BCE. 2) Had large deposits of gold,also traded luxury items received through Sub-Saharan Trade.

1) a system of ranking, 2) where each rank is subordinate to the one above it

• 1)is an upper class; wealth is based on land ownership 2) and power is passed on
• from one generation to another.

government officials

• 1)Established an empire in Anatolia and Syria in the 2 millennium BCE. 2) Wealth
• based on traded metals, military power was based on chariot forces. 3) Competed
• with Egypt for control of Syria-Palestine. 4) Fell to unidentified invaders ca.
• 1200 BCE

• 1) monumental sanctuary built in Jerusalem 2) by the King Solomon 3) in the 10th century BCE 4) to be the
• religious center for Israelites

• Phoenicians – 1)People from the coast of Lebanon and Syria, in the first millennium BCE 2) Phoenician merchants and
• sailors explored the Mediterranean, 3) engaged in long-distance trade, 4)
• established colonies (Carthage)

• 1) city located in present-day Tunisia, founded by Phoenicians ca. 800 BCE. 2) Major commercial center and naval power in the western Mediterranean 3) until destroyed by the Romans in
• 146 BCE

1)Babylon AGAIN became a major political and cultural center in the 7-6th centuries BCE. 2) King Nebuchadnezzar captured Jerusalem and deported Jews to Babylon

1)the governor of a province in the Persian Empire, 2) often a relative to the king

• 1)term used by the Greeks to describe someone who seized and held power 2) in
• violation of the normal procedures and traditions of the community, 3) 6-7th centuries BCE.

• 1)system of government 2) in which all “citizens” (however defined) have equal
• political and legal rights, privileges and protections.

• 1) Greek historian in the 5th century BCE 2)
• recorded causes, events and the results of the Persian Wars 3)Started the Western tradition of historical writing

1) King of Macedonia in northern Greece, 4th century BCE. 2)Conquered the Persian Empire, reached the Indus Valley, 3) founded many Greek-style cities and spread Greek culture across western Asia.

1)period from 323 to 30 BCE, 2) in which Greek culture spread across western Asia and northeastern Africa after the conquests of Alexander the Great

1) blending of Greek and local cultures (Persian, Egyptian, Assyrian) on the territories conquered by Alexander’s armies. 2) As a result a distinct new culture emerged. (Hellenistic culture)

1)society which relies on sedentary agriculture 2) and ability to produce food surpluses, 3) characterized by existence of nonfarming elites, merchant and manufacturing groups

1)the change (transition) from food gathering to food production 2) that occurred between ca. 8000 BCE and 2000 BCE

• 1)people who dominated Mesopotamia 2) in the third millennium BCE. 3) Created
• first civilization in the region, irrigation technology, cuneiform, organized
• area into city-states

• 1) a small independent state 2)
• consisting of an urban center and the surrounding agricultural territory. 3)
• Urban center provided military protection to the area and the agricultural
• territory delivered food supplies.

• 1) ruler of Babylon in the 18th century BCE 2)
• best known for a code of law inscribed on a black stone pillar

1) a professional position 2) reserved for men 3) who had undergone lengthy training required to be able to read and write

• 1) a massive pyramidal stepped tower 2) made of mudbricks in religious complexes
• of 3) Mesopotamia 4)Because so many symbols had to be learned, literacy was confined to a relatively small group of administrators and scribes

1)cite of one of the great cities of the Indus River Valley Civilization 2) in the third millennium BCE.

1) Largest of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization. Large scale of construction, the orderly grid of streets, standardization of building materials present evidence of central planning.