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kyleannkelsey
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What is the conventional pathway for AH to exit into the circulatory system?
Through trabecular meshwork to Schlemm’s canal
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What is the unconventional pathway for AH to exit into the circulatory system?
Uveoscleral pathway through the base of the ciliary muscle to the uvea and out through the sclera
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What is the normal range for IOP in a healthy person?
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What is the angle in glaucoma?
Intersection of the cornea and iris
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Define Open angle glaucoma:
Defect in drainage channels, narrowing and reducing the flow of aqueous humor
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Open angle glaucoma is usually uni or bi lateral?
- Bilateral
- Though progression may be different in each eye
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What are the goals of therapy for Open angle glaucoma?
- QOL
- Preserve visual fields
- Minimize AE
- Satbilize optic nerve
- Proactive management
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What is the target pressure for glaucoma treatment?
- AOA: 30-50% reduction
- AAO: > or = to 25% reduction
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What is the MOA of BBs in Glaucoma treatment?
Lowers production of AH
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What is the first line treatment for Open angle glaucoma?
- BBs
- Prostaglandin agonists
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What are the AEs for BBs in the treatment of Glaucoma?
- Loss of visual acuity
- Inflammation
- Pain
- Foreign body sensation
- Hyperemia
- Burning/stinging/tearing
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What are the CIs for BBs in the treatment of open angle glaucoma?
- Sinus bradycardia
- 2nd or 3rd degree atioventricular HB
- Cardiogenic shock
- Uncontrolled systolic HF
- Non-selective: Asthma and COPD
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What is the Brand name for Carteolol?
Ocupress
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What is the Brand name for Levobunolol?
Betagon
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What is the Brand name for Metipranolol
Optipranolol
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What is the Brand name for Timolol?
Betimol, Istalol, Timoptic or Timolol-XE
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What is the Brand name for Betaxolol HCl
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What are the non-selective BBs for Open angle glaucoma?
- Cartelol (Ocupress)
- Levobunolol (Betagan)
- Metipranolol (Optipranolol)
- Timolol (Betimol, Istalol, Timoptic, Timolol-XE)
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What are the B1 selective BBs for treatment of Open angle glaucoma?
Betaxolol HCl (Betoptic and Betoptic S)
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What is the dosage form for Cartelol (Octupress)?
1% solution
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What is the dosage form for Levobunolol HCl (Betagon)?
0.25 or 0.5% solution
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What is the dosage form for Metipranolol (Optipranolol)?
0.3% solution
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What is the dosage form for Timolol (Betimol, Istalol, Timoptic, Timolol-XE)?
0.25 and 0.5% gel
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What is the dosage form for Betaxolol HCl (Betoptic)
0.25 or 0.5% solution
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What is the dosage form for Betaxolol HCl (Betoptic S)
0.25% suspension
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What are the Prostaglandin agonists?
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What is the MOA of prostaglandin agonists?
- Promotes uvescleral outflow (unconventional pathway)
- Bimatoprost also increases outflow through the TM (conventional pathway)
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What are the AE’s of local Prostaglandin agonists?
- Common: Blurred vision, decreased acuity, itching/burngin/stinging, dry eyes, tearing, redness
- Hyperpigmenttion and lengthening of eyelashes
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Which is more effective Bimatoprost or latanoprost?
Bimatoprost
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If failed efficacy with travoprost or latanoprost, may switch to __________
Bimatoprost
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Which prostaglandin agonist is available preservative-free solution.
Tafluprost
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What is the brand name for Bimatoprost?
Lumigan
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What is the brand name for Latanoprost?
Xalatan
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What is the brand name for Travoprost?
Travatan
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What is the brand name for Tafluprost?
Zioptan
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What is the dosage form for Bimatoprost (Lumigan)?
0.01% solution
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What is the dosage form for Latanoprost (Xalatan)?
0.005% solution
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What is the dosage form for Travoprost (Travatan)?
0.004%
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What is the dosage form for Tafluprost (Zioptan)?
0.0015% solution
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Are BBs for Prostaglandin agonist a better choice for open angle glaucoma?
AAO and AOA have no preference
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What is the MOA of Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors for the treatment of open angle glaucoma?
Decrease production of AH
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What are the local carbonic anhydrase inhibitors used to treat open angle glaucoma?
Brinzolamide (Azopt) and Dorzolamide (Trusopt)
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What is the dosage form of Brinzolamide (Azopt)?
1% solution
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What is the dosage form of Dorzolamide HCl (Trusopt)?
2% solution
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