TCC Biology-Ch3

Oxygen is more electronegative than Hydrogen, so theelectrons of the covalent bonds spend more time closer to oxygen to hydrogen.

This unequal sharing of electrons and water's V-like shape make it a ________, meaning that its overall charge is unevenly distributed: the oxygen region of the molecule has a partial negative charge, and each hydrogen has a partial positive charge.

Collectively, the hydrogen bonds hold the substance together, a phenomenon called ______

_____, the clinging of one substance to another, also plays a role.

Related to cohesion is ____ ____, a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

Anything that moves has  ____ ____,  the energy of motion.

____ is a form of energy.

_____ is a measure of heat intensity that represents the average kinetic energy of the molecules, regardless of volume.

____ __ ____ is the quantity of heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g of it to be converted  from the liquid to the gaseous state.

The ______ ____ occurs because the "hottest" molecules, those with the greatest kinetic energy, are the most likely to leave as gas.

A liquid tha is a completely homogeneous mixture of two or more substances is called a ____

The dissolving agent of a solution is the ____

An ____ ____ is one in which water is the solvent.

The sphere of water molecules around each dissolved ion is called a _____ _____.

Any substance that has an affinity for water is said to be _____

Some molecules in cells are so large that they do not dissolve. Instead, they remain suspended in the aqueous liquid of the cell. Such a mixture is an example of a ____, a stable suspension of fine particle in a liquid.

Substances that do not have an affinity for water. Substances that are nonionic and nonpolar (or otherwise cannot form hydrogen bonds) actually seem to repel water; these substances are said to be _______

the sum of the masses of all the atoms in a molecule.

______ - the number of moles of solute per liter of solution-is the unit of concentration most often used by biologists for aqueous solutions.

Occasionally, a hydrogen atom participating in a hydrogen bond between two water molecules shifts from one molecule to the other. When this happens, the hydrogen atom leaves its electron behind, and what is actually transferred is a _____ ___ a single proton with a charge of 1+.

The water molecule that lost a proton is now _______ ___ which has a charge of 1-

The proton binds to the other water molecule, making that molecule a ______ ___

An ____ is a substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is called a _____.

The _____ of a solution is defined as the negative log-arithm (base10) of the hydrogen ion concentration :
pH = -log[H+]
for neutral aqueous solution, [H+] is  10-7 M, giving us
-log 10-7 =-(-7) =7

A _____ is a substance that minimizes changes in the concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution.

When CO2 dissolves in sweater, it reacts with water to form carbonic acid, which lowers ocean pH, a process know as ______