Musical Appreciation Chp.2 (.2)

many notes per syllable

direct (no change in the number of performers), responsorial (one answered by many, back and forth), antiphonal (group answered by group, back and forth)

1) harmony, proportion, and ration in the universe, 2) there are natural sympathies, strivings, or inclinations in all things, 3) all things in the universe are interrelated, 4) numbers have quality (personality) as well as quantity

spirit number (trinity, mind-body-soul, triangle, biology (male, female, child)) *three levels of music

earth number (seasons, elements, ages of man, compass, weeks) *four modes of scale systems

sum of spirit and earth numbers (planets, days of the week, heavenly virtues, deadly sins) *seven note names

product of spirit and earth numbers (months of a year, zodiac, tribes of israel, apostles, hours of the day) *12 chromatic half steps

melody set to sacred Latin text, sang without accompaniment; tends to move step by step in a narrow range; conveys a calm, spiritual quality during the middle ages

The University of Paris attracted leading scholars and the cathedral of Notre Dame was the supreme monument of Gothic architecture. Two successive choirmasters of Notre Dame, Leonin and Perotin were the first notable composers known by name.

were part of the school of Notre Dame and used measured rhythm, with definite time values and clearly defined meter.

composer during the 12th century, wrote a lot of monophonic sacred songs, was an abbess in Germany