Geography population

• *industrial revolution
• *agricultural volition
• *medical advances
• *hygiene advances
• *improved transport (therefor trade)
• *education improvements
• *social provisions (such as benefits)
• *political factors

A number of different factors which affect population growth

They are measurements of vital statistics in a general population (overall change in births and deaths per 1000)

They are how changes in vital statistics in a specific demographic are measured (such as age, sex, race etc)

Example is the adult literacy rate

The number of deaths per 1000 people in a year

The number of live births per 1000 per year

The number of deaths of infants under the age of one per 1000 live births a year

• When there are more people in a population being born than are dying.
• Measured by birth rate minus death rate

The number of live births in an area/country per 1000 women of child bearing age, in a year

The average number of children a woman is expected to bear in her lifetime

Number of people who live in a given area, usually km2

Asia

The difference between birth rate and death rate. It tells you by hoe many the population will be growing per 1000 per year

The difference between birth rate and death rate. It tells you how many the population will be growing per 1000 per year.

Natural change and migration change

More than 20 million

Neo-Malthusian views

• Strained services, infrastructure, sewage systems and transport networks
• Malthus believed population growth lead to poverty and famine

Schemes installed to drive population rates down

Schemes installed to drive population rates up

To show how population and economic development are all linked and that changes in one will bring around changes in the other

• Religion 
• War
• Emancipation of women 
• Economic climate
• Pro-natalist/Anti-natalist policies
• Population of a country
• Fertility rate
• Average marriage age

• Disease
• War
• Famine
• Drought
• Sanitation levels 
• Access to healthcare
• Natural disasters
• Access to clean drinking water
• Standard of living e.g. housing
• Age of population

• Use of birth control (voluntary or forced)
• Diet 
• Pro/Anti natalist policies

The total number of births in a single year per 1000 of the population. This doesn’t include the age and sex structure of a population.

A change in economic organisation

Primary force for change, includes secularisation, mass education and increased environmental control

• Influenced by the ideas transmitted via the internet, television or radio
• Influenced by those around them
• Religion holds specific ideas about family life

90%

• OPTIMISTIC 
• Population growth was a pre-requisite for economic growth 
• People are intelligent and as demand for food/resources grows we will find new ways to supply it 
• New/better technology is invented whenever needed. If old resources run out, new ones will be invented

• Allows planning for potential growth
• Easy to understand
• Shows transitions between stages
• Can be used to easily compare rates of growth between countries
• Can estimate population structure

• Doesn't take into account natural disasters, war, famine
• Not all countries follow the model forwardly, some regress back stages
• Doesn't take migration into account
• Doesn't predict when transition between stages will occur

Shows the relationship between the economically active and the dependant population which can show its level of development

Reproduction levels dwindle

Different culture, religion, form of dress which both sides can't/won't come to terms with

• Extended maternity leave
• paternity leave
• child benefit
• earlier retirement age
• free education
• free childcare

• too simplistic to be applied on a large scale
• technology has revolutionised agriculture so it doesn't increase arithmetically 
• not an even spread of resources over the world
• presumes food supply is constant

• Suggests there is a closed community when there may not be
• Difficult to prove/test - makes it unreliable to use
• Overpopulation will increase land degradation

• Group of scientists, economists, industrialists that concluded that if population continues to grow as it is, and levels of food production remain the same then we will reach a population limit within 100 years.
• The result of this population limit will be a dramatic drop in population

• Loss of young labour force
• Loss of skilled professionals

• Need to educate migrant families
• Over-dependence of migrant labour in industry
• Money is not spent in country but is sent back to origin country 
• Resources strained

• Reduced underemployment 
• Returning migrants bring new skills
• Money is sent back to country from host country
• Less pressure on resources

• Less desirable jobs are filled
• Skilled labour at reduced cost
• Money spent in country supports economy

• Negative effect on population structure, can increase dependency ratio 
• Disproportionate male to female ratio 
• Returning retired migrants impose social cost

• Dominance of males is reinforced 
• Less chance for women in country to get jobs
• Culture lost
• Communities may become segregated and discriminated 
• Schools taken up by migrant children

• Population density reduced
• Greater acceptance of culture

• Creation of cultural society
• Increased understanding of other cultures
• Influx of different industries and businesses

• Local people and newcomers views conflict
• Rural identity lost
• Increased pollution
• Increased traffic 
• Increased risk of crime

• New businesses invest in area 
• Better transport links (trains, buses)
• Increased infrastructure such as street lighting