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Name the phyla, subphyla, and common name (types) of human parasites
- [phylum] Sarcomastigophora
- [subphylum] Mastigophora (flagellates)
- [subphylum] Sarcodina (amoebas)
- [phylum] Apicomplexa (sporozoans)
- [phylum] Ciliophora (Ciliates)
- [phylum] Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
- [class] Trematoda (flukes)
- [class] Cestoda (tapeworms)
- [phylum] Nematoda (roundworms)
- [phylum] Arthropoda
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Compare/contrast the reproduction, locomotion, and typical location of organisms in the subphylums Mastigophora and Sarcodina
- Mastigophora (flagellates) and Sarcodina (amoebas)
- Both groups reproduce mainly by binary fission (asexual)
- Flagellates move via long flagella - number and position vary with spp
- Sarcodines move via pseudopods
- Flagellates found in blood (Trypanosomes), intestine (Giardia), vagina/urethra (Trichomonas)
- Many Sarcodines are free living. Entamoeba histolitica is found in the GI tract
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Describe the life cycle and location of organisms in the phylum Apicomplexa
- Apicomplexa (sporozoans)
- Have a complex life cycle (alternating sexual and asexual generations)
- Found in blood (Plasmodium), intestinal mucosa (Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Sarcocystis), and various organs/tissues (Toxoplasma, Pneumocystis, Babesia)
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Describe the locomotion, and location of organisms in phylum Ciliophora
- Ciliophora (ciliates)
- Locomotion via cilia (like flagella, but shorter and more numerous)
- Mostly free-living or symbiotic, but B. coli found in intestinal tract
- *NOTE- the only ciliate parasite of humans is Balantidium coli*NOTE- many are multinucleated
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Describe the body information, reproduction, size, and classes of phylum Platyhelminthes. Give specific information about the two major subclasses.
- Multicellular with flat body
- Bilaterally symmetrical with incomplete gut (no anus)
- Hermaphroditic (monoecious)
- Size range is highly variable
- Class Turbellaria are free-living
- Class Trematoda (flukes) are leaf-shaped with attachment organs (hooks, suckers)
- they have an incomplete digestive tract
- complex life histories with at least 2 hosts in the life cycle (1st intermediate host is a mollusk)
- parasitize the intestinal tract, liver, blood vessels, and lungs
- Class Cestoda (tapeworms) have elongated ribbon-like, segmented bodies
- special attachment organ (scolex)
- Digestive tract is absent (nutrition absorbed through body wall)
- Typically reside in small intestine
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Describe the body information, reproduction, digestive system, locations, and life cycle information for phylum Nematoda
- Nematoda (roundworms)
- elongate, cylindrical worms w/ pointed ends and tough cuticle
- separate sexes (dioecious)
- males often smaller than females
- most nematodes are free living, but many are parasites to humans, plants, and animals
- Intermediate hosts are required for development of some forms
- Human parasites found in intestinal tract and tissues
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Describe the body information, digestive system, reproduction, classifications, and notes of interest for phylum Arthropoda
- Segmented with bilateral symmetry
- Paired/jointed appendages
- tough exoskeleton
- digestive system is well developed
- separate sexes (dioecious)
- several subphyla, classes, orders, etc
- *NOTE- the most successful animal phyla
- *NOTE- many insects, arachnids, and crustaceans serve as parasites and vectors
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