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structures of the body, where they are located and what they are made out of
anatomy
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the function of the structures in the body
physiology
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smallest living thing
cell
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many of the same type of cell performing a similar function
tissue
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many different tissue types performing the same function as a whole
organ
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many different organs working together for a similar function
organ system
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many organ systems working together
organism
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system responsible for producing offspring, includes the ovaries, testes, uterus, vagina, penis
reproductive
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system responsible for transporting gases and nutrients to cells by the heart and blood vessels
circulatory/cardiovascular
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system responsible for transporting lost fluid back to the blood vessels and fighting infections with the tonsils, spleen, thymus, bone marrow, lymph vessels and nodes.
lymphatic/immune
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system responsible for regulation of the other systems by secreting hormones by the pituitary, thyroid, pineal, adrenal and other glands.
endocrine
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system responsible for breaking down the food we eat in the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines.
digestive
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system responsible for our first line of defense against pathogens and damage with the skin, hair, nails, sweat and oil glands.
integumentary
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system responsible for movement with the muscles and tendons.
muscular
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system responsible for support, protection, blood cell production, movement and calcium storage in the bones and ligaments.
skeletal
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system responsible for filtering the blood and secreting liquid waste through the kidneys, ureters, bladder and urethra.
urinary/excretory
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system responsible for regulating other systems with the brain, spinal cord and nerves.
nervous
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system responsible for gas exchange with the diaphragm, lungs, trachea, larynx and pharynx.
respiratory
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the direction that the palms face in anatomical position
forward
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plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior portions
frontal/coronal
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plane that divides the body into left and right sides
medial/saggital
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plane that divides the body into superior and inferior portions
transverse
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toward the midline
medial
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close to the point of attachment on an appendage
proximal
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further from the point of attachment on an appendage
distal
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the part of a negative feedback loop that includes the target range
set point
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the part of a negative feedback loop that takes the body outside the normal range
stimulus
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the part of a negative feedback loop that that detects the change
receptor
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the part of a negative feedback loop that forces the change and is a part of the brain in the human body
control center
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the part of a negative feedback loop that does the change
effector
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the part of a negative feedback loop that returns the body back to normal
response
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maintenance of a stable internal environment
homeostasis
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type of feedback that discourages current behavior
negative
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type of feedback that encourages current behavior
positive
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one layer of cells
simple
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many layers of cells
stratified
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muscle tissue with striations that is voluntarily controlled
skeletal
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muscle tissue with striations that in involuntarily controlled
cardiac
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muscle tissue without striations that is involuntarily controlled
smooth
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tissue type that functions in movement
muscle
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tissue type that functions in control
nervous
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tissue type that functions in protection
epithelial
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tissue type that functions in support
connective
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epithelial tissue that is found in the lining of the respiratory and digestive systems
columnar
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epithelial tissue that is found in the kidney tubules, ducts and small glands as well as the surface of the ovaries
cuboidal
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epithelial tissue that is found in the epidermis of the skin, vagina, esophagus and the mouth
stratified squamous
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epithelial tissue that is found in the air sacs of the respiratory system and the lining of blood and lymph vessels
simple squamous
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epithelial tissue that is found in the urethra and lining of the urinary bladder
transitional
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