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contains a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached to a carbon chain
alcohol
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contains a hydroxyl group attached to a benzene ring
phenol
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IUPAC name for alcohol?
replace the -e with -ol
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common name for alcohol?
- ethyl alcohol
- methyl alcohol etc.
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when there is an -OH group what type of bond does it have?
hydrogen bond
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what type of alcohol has the highest boiling point?
glycerol
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what type of alcohol has the lowest boiling point?
rubbing alcohol
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what makes an alcohol soluble in water?
the OH
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the more OH's, the more?
soluble it is in water and the higher the boiling point
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rubbing alcohol, antifreeze, and glycerol are all?
soluble in water because of -OH
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used in antiseptics and disinfectants
phenol
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compounds of phenol are the active ingredients in the ?
essential oils of cloves, vanilla, nutmeg and mint
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classification of alcohols is determined by ?
the number of alkyl groups attached to the carbon bonded to the hydroxyl
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carbon compunds that contain a -SH group
thiols
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how are thiols named?
by adding thiol to the alkane name of the longest carbon chain
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often have strong odors
thiols
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are used to detect gas leaks
thiols
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are found in onions, oysters and garlic
thiols
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are the functional group in peptides
thiols
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hydrogen bond?
O connected to H, N or F
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contains an -O- between two carbon groups
ether
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common name for ethers?
gives the alkyl names of the attached groups followed by ether
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water + ether... what type of bond
hydrogen bond
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ethers can not do hydrogen bonding when?
it is mixed with itself and no water
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do not normally react with reducing agents or bases
ethers
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reactivity of ethers?
requires heat and acid catalyst
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removing water?
dehydration
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take alcohols and dehydrate them to make?
ethers
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ethers act as?
anesthetics
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second in production of organic compounds
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boiling point of alcohols?
- contains polar OH groups
- form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules
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alcohols have higher boiling points than?
alkanes and ethers
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do not have a polar group and have an O, but no H
ethers
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cannot form hydrogen bonds between ether molecules
ethers
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why are alcohols and ethers more soluble in water than alkanes?
bc alkanes are nonpolar and have London dispersion forces
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alcohols have what for bonding
London dispersion and polar end with hydrogen bond
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boiling point depends on?
intermolecular forces
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when does alcohol become insoluble?
with more than 4 carbons
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benzens ___ soluble in water, but phenol ____
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is corrosive and irritating to skin?
phenol
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has a hydroxyl group that ionizes slightly (weak acid)
phenol
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polarity of ether?
slightly polar bc it has an O
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combustion of alcohols?
combustion with O2 to produce Co2 and H20
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dehydration of alcohols?
- take water off
- use acid catalyst (H+)
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the loss of H and OH from adjacent carbon atoms
dehydration of alcohols
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what does dehydration of alcohols produce?
alkene and water
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alcohols dehydrate with ?
heat in presence of strong acid to produce alkanes
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a type of elimination reaction?
dehydration
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in an elimination reaction the alkene with the greatest number of alkyl groups on the double bonded carbon is the major product of the reaction
zaitsev's rule
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in zaitsev's rule, you want double bond to be?
more highly substituted
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acid + heat reaction removes?
water
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combustion is mixing___? burning it creates?
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dehydration reaction catalyst?
acid and heat
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increase in the number of C-O bonds, and loss of H
oxidation
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there is a decrease in the number of C-O bonds, gain of H
reduction
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OIL RIG
- oxidation is losing
- reduction is gaining
-
-
-
-
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alkane is oxidized into? which is oxidized into? which is then oxidized into?
- alcohol
- aldehyde
- carboxylic acid
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type of alcohol that cannot be oxidized?
tertiary
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acts as a depressant?
ethanol
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