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Particular point of view
Perspective
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View that looks at behavior of groups, not individuals
Sociological Perspective
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Common beliefs or ideas that most people hold true
Conventional (social) Wisdom
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Ability to see the relationship between events in personal life and events in society
Sociological Imagination
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Patterned interaction of people in social relationships
Social Structure
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Scientific study of social structure (human social behavior)
Sociology
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Class owning the means for producing wealth
Bourgeoisie
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One who owns the means for producing wealth
Capitalist
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Social dependency based on a broad consensus of values and beliefs, enforced conformity, and dependence on tradition and family
ex: Small Town
Mechanical Solidarity
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Social interdependency based on a high degree of specialization
ex: the City
Organic Solidarity
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Belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation
Positivism
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The mindset emphasizing knowledge, reason, and planning
Rationalization
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Ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat
Class Conflict
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The study of social change
Social Dynamics
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The study of social stability and order
Social Statics
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Theory that societies evolve naturally into the fittest form
Social Darwinism
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The working class
Proletariat
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Understanding social behavior by putting yourself in the place of others
Verstehen
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Set of assumptions accepted as true
Theoretical Perspective
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Anything that stands for something else and has an agreed upon meaning attached to it
Symbol
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Macro-oriented approach emphasizing the role of conflict, competition, and constraint within a society
Conflict Perspective
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Approach that depicts human interaction as theatrical performances
Dramaturgy
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Macro-oriented approach that emphasizes the contributions made by each part of society
Functionalism
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Micro-oriented approach that focuses on the interactions among people based on mutually understood symbols
Symbolic Interactionism
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Intended and recognized consequences of an aspect of society
Manifest Functions
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Negative consequence of an aspect of society
Dysfunction
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Ability to control the behavior of others
Power
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Unintended and unrecognized consequences of an aspect of society
Latent Functions
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What are the 5 Soft Sciences?
- Anthropology
- Psychology
- Economics
- Political
- History
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Study of fragments from ancient societies to see how they used to work
Anthropology
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Study of mental life and observable behavior
Psychology
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Study of ecosystems
Economics
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Study of Political systems
Political Science
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Study of previous societies and how they worked
History
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What are the 5 Hard Sciences?
- Chemistry
- Biology
- Physics
- Anatomy
- Sociology
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Scientific discipline that focuses attention on patterns of behavior
Systematic
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Group behavior is primary focus/how groups influences individuals and vice versa
Human Society
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What are the advantages of a Sociological Perspective?
(3)
- Sociology and Social Marginality
- Allows us to notice diversity in America
- Sociology draws attention to social crisis
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Whose favorite course of study was Suicide?
Dirkheim
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Who was more likely to commit suicide?
- Male protestants who were wealthy and unmarried
- -Protestanism and Individualism
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Who was less likely to commit suicide?
- Male Jews and Catholics who were poor and married
- -being Catholic and Group Orientation
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What are the Ethnic/Racial group percentages of who is more or less likely to attend college?
- Blacks: 60%
- Whites: 68%
- Hispanics: 66%
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Believes society is often responsible for many of our problems and that we must separate things that have do with personal troubles, biography, social issues, and history
C Wright Mills
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Belief in science began to place the traditional forms of authority
Scientific Revolution
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Industrialism and Capitalism were changing economic patterns
Economic Revolution
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More Democratic values and standards were being adopted
Political Revolution
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Spent life focused on the class conflict, the ongoing struggle between the bourgeoisie (owners) and the proletariat (working) class
Marx
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Frenchman who coined the term sociology and positivism. He fostered the belief that knowledge should be derived from scientific observation.
Comte
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Came up with Social Statics, Social Dynamics, and the terms Sociology and Positivism
Comte
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Came up with the Capitalist
Marx
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Came up with Verstehen and emphasized rationalization
Weber
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Compared parts of the human body to the institutions of society each contributing to one well being/Survival of the Fittest
Spencer
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African American that attended Harvard University who spent the rest of his life addressing the "Negro Problem". He is the founder of the NAACP and the Pan-African Movement.
W.E.B. Du Bois
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Major author who rivaled Charles Dickinson and saw the connection between slavery's abolition and the feminist movement
Gaskell
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Found of the Hull House to improve the lives of immigrants, she also won a Nobel Prize
Jane Adams
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Statement of how and why facts are related
Theory
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Set of fundamental assumptions that guides thinking
Paradigm
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2 Key Elements of Structural Functionalism?
- Social Structure
- Social Function
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Refers to the consequences of social patterns for society
Social Function
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Solves the conflict between the thesis and antithesis by reconciling their common truths and forming a new thesis, starting the process over
Synthesis
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An intellectual proposition/existing fact/what we challenge
Thesis
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The negation of the thesis, a reaction to the proposition.
Anti-Thesis
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What are the 3 Perspectives?
- Structural Functionalism
- Symbolic Interactionism
- Conflict Theory
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What are the key elements of Conflict Theory?
(2)
- Society is structured in ways to benefit a few at the expense of the majority
- Facts such as sex and race
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Created Symbolic Interactionism
Mead
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3 Key Elements of Symbolic Interactionism
- Externalization
- Objectification
- Internalization
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Creation of institutions and rules that govern interaction
Externalization
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People begin to see such arrangements as do not have a human connection
-Reification
Objectification
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We internalize a socially constructed reality as we learn to adapt to society on our way to becoming a "normal human"
Internalization
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