-
what makes up the appendicular skeleton?
- pectoral girdle
- pelvic girdle
- lower limbs
- upper limbs
-
what bone articulates with the trunk and supports the upper limbs?
pectoral girdle
-
the pectoral girdle consist of what bones?
-
what is a glenoid cavity?
articulates with head of humerus.
-
the pelvic girdle consist of what bones?
- os coxae (2):
- ilium
- ischium
- and pubis bones fuse in early adolescence
-
the phalanges consist of how many bones?
14 bones
-
name the bones of the phalanges.
- proximal phalanx
- middle phalanx
- distal phlanx
-
how many bones does the pollex (thumb) consist of? and name them.
- 2 bones
- proximal phalanx
- distal phalanx
-
what bone is most commonly fractured on the wrist?
Scaphoid
-
what bone is most commonly dislocated on the wrist?
Lunate
-
all 3 bones of os coxa (hip) contributes to its...
(where 3 bones meet at the hip)
acetabulum
-
what bones articulate with the ankle?
talus
-
name the classification of joints by function.
- synarthrosis
- amphiarthosis
- diarthrosis
-
classification of joint by function:
synarthrosis
immobile joint
-
classification of joint by function:
amphiarthrosis
slightly mobile joint
-
classification of joint by function:
diarthrosis
freely moveable joints
-
name the classification of joints by structure.
- fibrous
- cartilaginous
- synovial
-
classification of joint by structure:
fibrous
- bones held together by dense regular ct
- ex: synarthrosis - tooth to jaw; lamboid suture
- ex: amphiarthrosis - articulation between ulna&radus, or tibia&fibula
-
classification of joint by structure:
cartilaginous
- bones joined by cartilage
- ex: synarthrosis - epiphyseal plate in growing bones
- ex: amphiarthrosis - pubic symphysis, intervertibral disc articulation
-
classification of joint by structure:
synovial
- bones separated by fluid-filled cavity
- ex: diarthrosis - plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball-and-socket joint
-
fibrous joint:
gomphoses
joints between teeth and maxilla and mandible; synarthroses
-
fibrous joint:
suture
joints between skull and bones; synarthroses
-
fibrous joint:
syndesmoses
joints between parallel bones in the forearm and leg (radius and ulna, tibia and fibula); amphiarthroses
-
accessory structures surround the joint; function in reducing friction and filling spaces.
synovial joints
-
synovial joint:
a ______ is a sac outside most synovial joints where ligament, muscles, tendons, and/or rub; contains synovial fluid
bursae
-
synovial joint:
elongated bursae around tendons, particularly in confined areas (wrist and ankle) where tendons rub each other.
tendon sheaths
-
synovial joint:
packing material; also provide some protection
fat pads
-
name the movement classes of synovial joint.
- plane joint
- hinge joint
- pivot joint
- ball-and-socket joints
- saddle joint
- condylar joints
-
name the types of motion of synovial joints.
- gliding motion
- angular motion
- rotational motion
- special motion
-
list angular motions
- flexion
- extension
- hyperextension
- lateral flexion
- abduction
- adduction
- circumduction
-
list rotational motions
- lateral rotation
- medial rotation
- pronation
- supination
-
list the special movements
- depression vs elevation
- dorsiflexion vs plantar flexion
- inversion vs eversion
- protraction vs retraction
- opposition
-
connective tissue components:
innermost layer that surrounds and electrically insulates each muscle fiber. (Areolar ct)
endomysium
-
connective tissue components:
surrounds the fascicles. (Dense irregular ct)
perimysium
-
connective tissue components:
surrounds the entire muscle. (Dense irregular ct)
epimysium
-
at the end of a muscle, the ct merge to form a fibrous ______, which attaches the muscles tot he bone, skin, or other muscle.
tendon
-
muscle attachment:
origin
attached to the bone that is less mobile
-
muscle attachment:
insertion
more moveable point of attachment
-
name the 2 types of myofilaments.
- thick filament
- thin filament
-
thick filament
- fine protein myofilament composed of bundles of MYOSIN (about 11nm in diameter)
- bind to thin filament and cause contraction
-
thin filament
- fine protein myofilament composed of ACTIN, troponin, and tropomyosin (about 5-6nm in diameter)
- thick filaments bind to it and cause contraction
-
dark bands that contains the entire myosin molecule and an over lapping portion of actin
A Band
-
light band that contains thin filaments but no thick filaments
I Band
-
light, central region of the A band where there are no thin filaments
H zone (H band)
-
a protein meshwork in the H zone that keeps the thick filaments aligned
M line
-
a protein structure in the middle of the I band that serves as the attachment site for one end of the thin filaments.
Z disc (Z band)
-
______ is the region where the motor neuron comes into close proximity to the muscle fiber
neuromuscular junction (NMJ)
-
what are the components of NMJ?
- synaptic knob
- synaptic vesicles
- motor end plate
- synaptic cleft
- ACh receptors
- Acetylchlinesterase (AChE)
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