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melissag94
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carbonyl group?
an aldehyde is attached to atleast one H atom
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a carbonyl group in a ketone is?
attached to two carbon groups
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-e in alkane name is changed to -al
aldehyde
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common names for first 4 aldehydes that use prefixes?
- form (1C)
- acet (2C)
- propion (3C)
- butyr (4C)
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an aldehyde is always found?
at end of the chain
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ketones are always found?
within the carbon chain, not on the ends
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naming ketones?
the -e in alkane name is replaced with -one
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structure of acetone?
CH3-C-CH3 with =O attached to middle C
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has bi product of methanol that is bad for you
splenda
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structure of formaldehyde?
HCH with =O attached to C
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soluble in water
acetone, ethanal
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without an H on the oxygen, aldehydes and ketones cannot form?
hydrogen bonds
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have polar carbonyl groups and attractions between polar groups
aldehydes and ketones
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nonpolar and not soluble in water
butane
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aldehydes and ketones are?
soluble in water
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tollens test oxidizes ___ but not ___
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what does positive tollens test look like?
mirror in test tube
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test is used to test glucose in blood
benedicts test
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what compounds are given a positive tollens test? negative?
- aldehyde = +
- ketone = (-)
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what does benedicts test look like when positive?
turns red
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reduction of carbonyls requires a catalyst of?
ni, pt, or pd
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reduction of carbonyls?
- react with hydrogen gas
- requires a catalyst
- occurs with heat and pressure
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product of addition reaction?
hemiacetal
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part of both alcohol and ether functions and are a new functional group
hemiacetal (ketal) carbons
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aldehydes can only form?
acetal of some kind
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ketones can only form?
ketal of some kind
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