COMG mid term

• organize thoughts logically
• tailor or message to the audience
• can tell a story for impact
• always adapting to listener feedback

• Public Speaking is more highly structured
• no interruptions and specific goal needs to be reached
• Public speaking requires formal language
• Public speaking requires different method of delivery

• speaker
• listener
• message
• channel
• feedback
• interference
• situation

the person who is presenting an oral message to a listener

whatever a speaker communicates to someone else

the means by which a message is communicated

the person who receives the speaker's message

the sum of a person's knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitudes. No two people can have exactly the same frame of reference

the messages, usually nonverbal, sent from a listener to a speaker

anything that impedes the communication of a message. Can be external or internal to listeners

the time and place in which speech communication occurs

The belief that one's own group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures

• think about your audience
• put yourself in listener's place
• be alert to feedback
• avoid ethnocentrism as a listener

Fear or anxiety associated with actual or anticipated communication with an audience

• lack of positive experience
• feeling different 
• being the center of attention

• prepreparation
• preparation
• pre-performance
• performance

• acquire speaking experience
• prepare, prepare, prepare
• think positively
• use power of visualization
• don't expect perfection

branch of philosophy that handles right and wrong affairs

• make ethically sound goals
• be fully prepared for each speech
• be honest
• avoid name calling 
• avoid egocentrism
• put principles into practice

copying everything form something else

taking ideas and language verbatim from 2 to 3 sources

Failing to give credit for specific parts of speech borrowed from others

• be courteous and attentive
• avoid prejudging the speaker
• maintain free and open expression of ideas

physiological process

psychological process

listening for pleasure or enjoyment

• not concentrating
• listening too hard
• jumping to conclusions
• focusing on delivery

• take listening seriously 
• be an active listener
• resist distractions
• don't be diverted by delivery 
• suspend judgement
• focus your listening
• develop note-taking skills

• to pesuade
• to inform
• to commemorate
• to introduce
• to entertain

• take personal inventory
• clustering
• reference
• internet search

• "why are we here"
• single infinitive phrase
• states what speaker hopes to accomplish

• specifically state each main point
• one sentence that encapsulates major ideas of speech

• to whom am i speaking
• what do i want them to know feel believe
• what is the most effective way of composing my speech to achieve that

• Age 
• gender
• sexual orientation
• racial, ethnic, cultural background
• group membership

• fixed alternative 
• scale questions
• open ended

preparation, incubation, illumination, refinement

• give yourself time for incubation
• allow a margin of error
• work through writer's block
• practice orally to avoid speaker's block

goal is to enhance audiences knowledge of the topic

• information should be communicated clearly and accurately 
• it should be made meaningful and interesting

• intellectually stimulating
• relevant
• creative
• memorable
• diverse learning styles

• don't overestimate audience knowledge
• relate information to the audience
• don't be too technical 
• avoid abstractions
• personalize ideas

Clarify ideas

    Reinforce ideas

    Personalize ideas

•     Make examples vivid, richly
• textured

•     Practice delivery to enhance
• extended examples

• Use
• reliable sources

    Use to quantify ideas

    Use sparingly

    Identify Sources

    Explain thoroughly

    Round off appropriately

    Use visual aids if needed

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern

a method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics

a method of generating ideas for speech topics by free association of words and ideas

• full phrase not fragment
• express it as a statement not as a question
• avoid figurative language in your purpose statement
• limit to one distinct idea

what a speaker wants the audience to remember after it has forgotten everything else in a speech

• personal inventory
• clustering
• internet search

keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation

a process n which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences

creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike

a frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution. etc

questions that offer a fixed choice between two or more alternatives

examples, statistics, and testimony

a specific case referred to in passing to illustrate a point

a story, narrative, or anecdote developed at some length to illustrate a point.

an example that describes an imaginary or fictitious situation

putting together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience

a method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern

A method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause- effect relationship

statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next

a statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker's preceding point or points

a very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses on key ideas