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Electricity
A form of energy to that results from the interaction of charged particles, such as electrons or protons
e.g.ma circuit turning on a light
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Static charge (static electricity)
An electric charge that tends to stay on the surface of an object, rather than flowing away quickly
- -caused by friction
- -static means stationary
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Charging by friction
A process in which objects made from different materials rub against eachother, producing a net static charge on each object
e.g. Rubbing a balloon on your hair accumulates static charge
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Electrostatic series
a list of materials that have been arranged according to their ability to hold on to electrons
- glass
- human hair
- nylon
- wool
- fur
- silk
- cotton
- lucite
- Rubber balloon
- polyester
- foam
- grocery bags (low density polyethylene)
- ebonite
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Insulator
A material in which electrons connot move easily from one atom to another
e.g. Rubber, plastic, cloth
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Conductor
A material in which electrons can move easily between atoms
e.g. Copper, gold
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Semiconductor
A material in which electrons can move fairly well between atoms
e.g. Silicon
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Ground
An object that can supply a very large number of electrons to, or can remove a very large number of electrons from, a charged object, thus neutralizing that object
large insulated wire running into the ground
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Electroscope
A device for detecting the presence of an electric charge
e.g. Metal leaf electroscope, pith ball electroscope
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Charging by contact
Generating a net charge on a neutral object by touching it with a charged object
the object being charged will gain the same charge as the object charging, and the object charging will stay the same
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Law of electric charges
Laws that describe how two objects interact electrically when one or both are charged
- - like charges repell
- - different charges attract
- - charged and neutral attract
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Electric field
A property of space around a charged object, where the effect of its charge can be felt by others
- - negative pulls
- - positive pushes
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Induced charge separation
The movement of electrons in a substance, caused by the electric field of a nearby charged object that is not in direct contact with the substance
e.g. How lightning forms
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Ion
A positively or negatively charged atom or group of atoms
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Lightning rod
a metal sphere or point that is attached to the highest part of a building and is connected to ground
tall building have these so that the building does not get damaged
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Electrostatic precipitator
A type of cleaner that removes unwanted particles and liquid droplets from a flow of gas
used in smokestacks to clean the emmisions
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Van de graaf generator
a device that accumulates very large charges
- large metal sphere on a metal rod, band inside rubs against a comb and accumulates static charge
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Radiation dosimeter
a small device that detects and measures exposure to radiation
people who work in places exposed to radiation wear these to know if they are in danger
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