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Religion
Set of beliefs concerning the nature and purpose of the universe
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Max Muller
Focused on textbook studies, launched religious study
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Rudolt Otto
Focused on "the holy" religion is experiences of an outside entity
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Karl Marx
Religion is the Opiate
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Max Weber
Religion affects social actions
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William James
Religion is deeply individualized
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Paul Tilich
One's primary motivation
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Emile Durkheim
A religion is a unified system of Beliefs and practices
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swastika
- In India means good fortune
- means Nazis everywhere else
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Atheism
Belief that God does not exist
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Agnostic
Does not belief nor disbelief in religion
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Polytheism
Belief in many deities
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Dualism
Belief in opposing powers
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Pantheism
Finding the divine in nature
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Monotheism
Belief in one God
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Mysticism
the practice of experiencing the divine
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Ascentism
renunciants, giving up on the world seeking spiritual advancement
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Lay follower
The normal follower
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Indigenous Religions
Religious traditions of a particular people that is intrinsically linked to the landscape, language, and culture of the people
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Buddhism comes to Japan through what?
Korean Diplomats
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Some view Buddha as Kami (spirits)
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Asuka Period
Japan Buddhism comes from China and Korea
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Nara Period
Prince Shotoku pronounces Buddhism as official language
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Heian Period
Prince Shotoku pronounces Buddhism as official language
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Kamakura Period
- Pureland Zen
- Nichiren Groups
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Edo Period
leadino to the redtoration of the meiji
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Empress Suiko
Empress of Japan who officially recognizes Buddhism and becomes Buddhist nun
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Prince Shotoku
- Nephew of Suiko
- Creates centralized government allowing Buddhism to spread rapidly
- Built various temples and made Buddhism official religion
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Emperor Kammu
Limits growth of Buddhism
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5 Sects
- Tendai
- Shingon
- Pureland
- Zen
- Nichiren
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Tendai sect
- founded by saicho and is largest group
- training for Buddhists
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Shingon Sect
- Founded by kukai
- focus on ritual fire
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Pureland Sect
devotional groups
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Zen Sect
Focuses on meditation
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Pureland
- Physical place that has perfect conditions for enlightenment
- today it is metaphor for living compassionately in this world
- Worship Bodhisattvas and Buddhas
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Nembutsu
Chanting name of Buddha
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Zen
Most popular form of Buddhism in the West
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Two groups of rinzai
Koan and Satori
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You can blend American Buddhist with other religions
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Waves of Immigration
- California Gold Rush
- World's Parliament of Religions
- Post WWII
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Buddhist Ideals
- Destroy Ego
- non attachment to material world
- freedom from desires
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Vietnam War
- Conflict between Buddhist and Catholic
- Brought Buddhism into American Spotlight
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Buddhism in Hawaii
Arrives with Immigrants from Japan and China
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Daoism
Human nature is good and gov should be small
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Confucianism
Human nature is good and gov should provide moral leadership
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Legalism
Man is bad and gov should have power
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ancient worldview of Chinese religions
- balance and harmony
- goal is to restore and maintain balance of natural world
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Ancestor Veneration (Chinese Religion)
worship and offerings to spirits
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Oracle Bones (Chinese Religion)
Communicating with ancestors
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Founder of Daoism
- Lao Tzu
- mother carried him in the womb for 60 years
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dao de jing
written by lao tzu
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Dao
- Primordial energy
- source of all
- union with dao can bring spiritual purity
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ying yang
natural forces that represent reality
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yin
everything that is feminine cold hard
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Qi
energy life force from dao
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what is the way of the dao
dao de jing
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