Science Chapter 12

Is the unidirectional flow of electric charge. (produced by sources such as batteries and solar cells)

A current in which electrons move back and fourth in a circuit

An electrical device that changes the size of the potential difference of an alternating current.

A safety device that is placed in series with other circuits that lead to appliances and outlets.

A safety device that is found in older buildings and some appliances; like a circuit breaker, it is placed in series with other circuits that lead to appliances and outlets.

The rate at which an appliance uses electrical energy.

A unit of electrical power; 1 kilowatt = 1000 W

A practical unit of electrical power; 1kW = 1000 W

The energy that is used by an appliance at a given setting; is determined by multiplying its power rating by the length of time it is used.

The practical unit of electrical energy

A label that gives details about how much energy an appliance uses in one year of normal use.

A meter that records the total electrical energy used hour by hour and sends this information to the utility company automatically.

A system of pricing in which the cost of each kW-h of energy used is different at different times of the day.

The electricity that is consumed by an appliance or device when it is turned off

The ratio of useful energy output to total energy input, expressed as a percentage.

The continuous minimum demand for electrical power.

The production of electricity using a source of moving water.

A demand for electricity that is greater than the base load and is met by burning coal and natural gas.

The greatest demand for electricity, which is met by using hydroelectric power and natural gas.

A source of energy that can be replaced in a relatively brief period of time.

A source of energy that cannot be replaced as quickly as it is used.

Energy that is directly converted from the energy of the sun into electricity.

The generation of a direct current when certain materials are exposed to light.

Renewable organic materials, such as wood, agricultural crops or wastes, and municipal wastes, especially when used as a source of fuel or energy. Biomass can be burned directly or processed into biofuels such as ethanol and methane.