Photography Section 1 Test

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  1. What is The Camera Obscura? When was it popular?
    • First image making device, no lens, just a small hole to form image (not permanent).
    • 16th-19th century
  2. Which Frenchman discovered how to make an image permanent and when did he do so?
    • 1826
    • Niepce (painter)
  3. What was unique about the first permanent photograph?
    What was it made on?
    • Shadows on both sides- indicates sun movement (very long exposure).
    • A Pewter Plate.
  4. Who made the first photograph of a human and when was this done? Why was the photograph possible?
    • Daguerre in 1839. 
    • Because the man in the picture was having his shoes polished.
  5. The earliest photos were _ positive images on _. There was no way to make _ of a photograph.
    unique, metal plates, copies
  6. An Englishman named _ created _ using paper. 
    Why was this such a big deal?
    • Fox-Talbot, negatives 
    • Negatives enabled copies of the photographs to be made.
  7. The next step was the use of _ coated with light-sensitive _.
    Glass plates, emulsion
  8. Early cameras were _ and _; most photographs of people had to be made in the _.
    big, heavy, studio
  9. The invention of _ and the _ camera changed the need for photographs to be taken in the studio.
    Roll/film, hand-held
  10. What were two unique properties of early photographs?
    • 1) they were often collages of images used to create the best image
    • 2) heads were clamped so the subject stays still
  11. Who invented the first hand-held camera, when was it invented and how much did it cost?
    • Eastman, a bankteller, in 1888
    • Cost: $25
  12. What was Kodak's motto for the first handheld camera and why?
    • "You push the button, we do the rest."
    • When you used all of the film (100 pics), you sent camera back to Kodak, they would develop pics and send them back, along with the camera and new roll of film
  13. What are 3 important changes of Kodak's hand-held camera?
    • 1. Portability, photography no longer limited to the studio
    • 2. Affordability, now everyone can take pictures
    • 3. We now have visual records of everyday life.
  14. When was the 35mm camera invented, what did it use the same 35mm film from, what three areas did the 35mm camera have the most use?
    • 1913
    • Film industry
    • Publishing, candid photography, spy cameras
  15. Positive changes that came with digital cameras & problems the digital camera created
    • Everyone has a camera, no need for prints 
    • Without prints, future generations will not be bale to see our photographic records, and we have become impatient because photos can be transmitted instantly
  16. Center of Interest/Subject/Focal Point
    • The photo has a dominant element (subject) which immediately draws our attention. 
    • Seen as the reason the photograph was taken.
    • Without a subject, the photo "lacks punch"
  17. How to take a sharp, in focus photo:
    • Know the focusing area of your camera, place it on the subject (eyes-humans), press shutter button halfway to lock, recompose, then click
    • Don't get too close to subjects because cameras have a minimum focusing distance. Use the close-up function when necessary (BUT NOT DIGITAL ZOOM)
  18. Sharp, steady camera - no blur from camera movement:
    Feet shoulder width apart, brace yourself when necessary, use the camera strap, hold elbows to sides, only move index finger when snapping the photo
  19. Sharp, on blue from unintended subject movement:
    • Have subject stay still, take special care in low-light situations. 
    • When viewing, zoom into the image to check for sharpness (eyes-human)
    • Best to check sharpness on a computer screen
  20. Fill the frame:
    Use vertical and horizontal camera positions, get close, use zoom if necessary, but never digital zoom
  21. How to ensure the subject is well lit
    Use flash when the subject is dark against a bright background, make sure the subject isn't too bright against a dark background, and learn to recognize when subjects are not in the same light as their backgrounds.
  22. How the camera makes images:
    When you take a picture, there are calculations based on light and other factors that determine aperture and shutter speed
  23. Define aperature
    Size of the opening that allows light to focus on the camera's light-sensitive chip (also focuses)
  24. Define shutter speed
    Time that light is allowed to hit the light-sensitive chip
  25. Define shutter lag
    From the time you press shoot to the time the picture actually takes
  26. Define ISO setting
    How sensitive the chip is to light, more sensitive leads to less necessary exposure
  27. What are two components of exposure?
    Aperature and shutter speed
  28. Simplicity: reduce distractions from the subject
    • Avoid complicated/distracting backgrounds
    • Avoid unrelated subjects
  29. Rule of Thirds: Subject placement
    Divide your subject with an imaginary tic-tac-toe board and place your subject on one of the intersections. Place horizons high or low, not in the middle. Leave more room in front of a moving subject
  30. Lines: Learn to recognize and use them
    Diagonal lines (dynamic), eye-leading lines (real/implied), repetitive lines, geometric shapes, s-curves
  31. Balance: A sense of visual equilibrium
    • Symmetrical balance=formal
    • Asymmetrical balance=informal
    • Note the use of backlight
  32. Framing: use foreground objects
    To enclose or emphasize a subject, creates a sense of depth
  33. Avoid mergers: train yourself to be aware of the background
    • Unintended humor can occur
    • Distracting objects are too close to each other
    • Border mergers

Card Set Information

Author:
 Anonymous
ID:
 288049
Filename:
 Photography Section 1 Test
Updated:
2014-11-04 01:25:38
Tags:
photography
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Description:
Photography Section 1
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