Physics Boards Review Part 2

Which of the following parameters directly relates to heating of tissues?

Which of the following rod groups scanned from side A would evaluate axial resolution?

What factors would produce the greatest TI values?

What factors would produce the greatest MI values?

The artifact indicated by the arrow is due to:

Which system control manipulations would best limit patient exposure to ultrasound energy?

A transducer has a very wide slice thickness. This may produce:

Which of the following produces the split image artifact?

Which of the following types of tissue will demonstrate the greatest temperature elevation?

Which of the following digital scan converters would display the best contrast resolution?

Bioeffects have been observed in experimental animals with focused intensities greater than:

On an A-Mode display, the height of the spike represents:

The System Gain function is performed in the:

What is the maximum number of displayed shades of gray in a 6-bit processor?

What determines the power of the ultrasound field?

The typical pulse repetition frequency range for clinical imaging applications is:

The term signal to noise ratio is:

In cardiac imaging, reducing the size of the sector angle will:

If the imaging depth is quartered, the frame rate will be:

The signal processing function that eliminates the negative component of the signal is termed:

Adjusting the TGC controls affects the settings in the:

The ability to distinguish between adjacent structures producing similar echo amplitudes is termed:

When the pulse repetition period is increased:

If the gain is increased by 6 dB, the power has been increased by a factor of:

When comparing Write magnification with Read magnification, Write magnification:

During real time imaging, if the scan line density is reduced to 1/2, the maximum frame rate is:

Preprocessing programs are performed in the:

If the original acoustic power is 100 mW and the power control is increased by 3 dB, the new power is _____ mW.

In real time systems, the range equation is used to determine reflector:

The typical dynamic range in the amplifier is:

The sonographer has increased the size of the sector width to image a large mass. What can the sonographer do to maintain the same temporal resolution before this adjustment?

Increasing the pulse repetition frequency will:

Reflector B is twice the distance from the transducer as reflector A. It takes ______ times as long for an echo to arrive from reflector B as from reflector A.

The computer parameter that limits the number of brightness levels available to display on the image matrix is:

The primary method that the sonographer uses to control frame rate during real time imaging is:

Which mode has time the unit of measurement on one axis?

Flow through a blood vessel is determined by:

Vessel diameter increase as _____ increases.

Veins or arteries, which are more distensible?

Arteries

Arterioles

Capillaries

Vasodilitation occurs when?

Vasoconstriction occurs when?

Venules

Veins

AO/ICV

Relationship of velocity to area

Energy derived from the cardiac pump

Potential energy

Kinetic energy

Kinetic energy can increase due to:

Movement of fluid between 2 points requires:

Example of low resistance

Example of high resistance

Pouseuille's law

The longer the vessel the _____ the resistance.

The shorter the vessel the ____ the flow volume.

What has the most significant impact on flow rate?

Smaller the radius, the _____ the resistance.

Plug flow

Laminar flow

Disturbed flow is signified by?

Mathematical number to determine when flow turbulence will occur?

Reynolds number for when turbulance will occur

Harmonic resonance produced by flow turbulence transmitted into vessel walls is known as

Where is normal disturbed flow visualized throughout the cardiac cycle?

Significant stenosis

Tardus parvus

Monophasic flow

Triphasic flow

Cosine of the doppler angle is ______ly related to the doppler angle.

Increase transmit frequency and _____ the size of the Doppler shift

Decrease velocity of flow and _____ the size of the Doppler shift.

Increase the Doppler angle and _____ the size of the Doppler shift.

Decrease the Doppler angle and ______ the size of the Doppler shift.

Cosine = 0

Cosine = 1.00

With spectral analysis the frequency is displayed on which axis?

What is displayed on the X axis of spectral analysis?

Amplitude or power is displayed as what on spectral analysis?

FFT

How can aliasing be eliminated?

Main disadvantage of pulsed Doppler is?

Nyquist Limit

PRF control

Primary advantage of CW Doppler

Main disadvantage of CW Doppler

Color Doppler

How to eliminate color aliasing

Power Doppler

Components of pulsed Doppler instrumentation:

Length of pulses produced by pulser

The time period for acquisition of Doppler signal is determined by the _____.

Phase shift means

Rhythmic cycles or beats produced when waves of different frequencies produce interference are added together and termed

Minimum number of cycles per pulse is?

Number of cycles required for fast flow

Number of cycles needed for gray scale

Number of cycles needed for slow flow

Typical sampling rate

High pass filter

Low pass filter

One speed estimate has a _____  pulse minimum.

More than 3 pulses are required in order to:

Typical ensemble length range

Increasing ensemble length will ___ frame rate.

Ensemble length

Transient cavitation refers to :

No thermal effects have been documented when the temperature elevation is below ___ degrees.

A Thermal Index (TI) value of one (1) indicates:

The artifact indicated by the white line can be eliminated by:

Which mode has the potential for the highest thermal production?

A device commonly used to measure the output of diagnostic ultrasound systems is:

A tumor has a slower propagation speed than the soft tissue average propagation speed. This will result in:

A long near zone can be obtained by:

Higher the ____ the shorter the SPL

Shorter the SPL the better the ____ resolution

SPL=

Longitudinal or axial resolution is directly dependent on:

Generally, ultrasound transducers have better _____ resolution than ________ resolution.

Which equipment assumption is violated when refracted echo information is processed?

To reduce the Mechanical Index (MI), the sonographer would:

Mechanism through which ultrasound energy can produce a biological effect

The artifact indicated by " A" is indicates:

If the focal zone is decreased to 1/5 of its original area, the intensity will:

Which rod groups scanned from side C would evaluate lateral resolution?

Side lobe artifact produces which of the following sonographic characteristics?

The risk of cavitation is considered low when the MI value is ____ or lower.

PhThe area of the sound field characterized by violent intensity changes is: