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the scientific study of the composition, structure, and properties of matter and the changes that matter undergoes.
chemistry
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Branches of chemistry
Organic chemistry, Biochemistry, Inorganic chemistry, Physical chemistry, Analytical chemistry, Theoretical chemistry
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any substance that has a definite composition.
a chemical
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Research can be categorized as
basic, applied, or related to technological development.
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anything that has mass and takes up space.
matter
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the smallest unit of an element that maintains the properties of that element.
atom
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a pure substance made of only one kind of atom.
element
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a substance that is made of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds.
compound
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property depends on the amount of matter that is present.
extensive properties
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property does not depend on the amount of matter present.
intensive properties
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has definite volume and definite shape.
solid
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has a definite volume but not a definite shape.
liquid
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does not have a definite volume or shape.
gas
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the state of matter that does not have a definite shape or volume and whose particles have broken apart.
plasma
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conduct electric current, affected by electric and magnetic fields
plasma
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In the gaseous state at high temperatures, alkali metals become ______.
plasmas.
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Scientists estimate that more than __ percent of the known matter in the universe, including the sun and other stars, is made of plasma.
99
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a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness
Physical property
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is a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions.
chemical property
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a change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties.
physical change
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a change that occurs when one or more substances change into entirely new substances with different properties
chemical change
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The study of most carbon-containing compounds
organic chemistry
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the study of non-organic substances, many of which have organic fragments bonded to metals (organometallics)
inorganic chemistry
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The study of the properties and changes of matter and their relation to energy
Physical Chemistry
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The identification of the components and composition of materials
analytical chemistry
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The study of substances and processes occurring in living things
Biochemistry
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The use of mathematics and computers to understand the principles behind observed chemical behavior and to design and predict the properties of new compounds
Theoretical Chemistry
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Research that is carried out for the sake of increasing knowledge
Basic Research
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Research that is generally carried out to solve a problem
Applied Research
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This typically involves the production and use of products that improve our quality of life.
Technological Development
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A measure of the amount of matter
mass
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A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance
physical change
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A characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
Physical Property
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A physical change of a substance from one state to another
change of state
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A high temperature physical state of matter in which atoms lose most of their electrons, particles that make up atoms
plasma
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Relates to a substance's ability to undergo changes that transform it into different substances
Chemical Property
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A change in which one or more substances are converted into different substances
Chemical change/ reaction
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Substances that react in a chemical change
reactants
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Substances that are formed by the chemical change
products
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A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties
mixture
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A mixture with a uniformed composition
homogeneous mixture; solution
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A mixture without a uniformed composition
heterogeneous mixture
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List the characteristics of a pure substance
- -Has a fixed composition
- -Every sample given has exactly the same characteristic properties
- -Every sample of a given has exactly the same composition
- -It is homogeneous
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Elements are organized into groups based on similar chemical properties in a _____ _____.
Periodic Table
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The vertical columns in a periodic table
groups; families
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The horizontal rows in a periodic table
periods
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What do elements in the same group, families, have in common?
Chemical Properties
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What do elements in the same periods have in common?
Elements that are close together share similar chemical and physical properties
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A logical approach to solving problems that lend themselves to investigation
Scientific Method
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A testable statement that serves as the basis for predictions and further experiments
hypothesis
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A broad generalization that explains a body of known facts or phenomena
theory
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A specific portion of matter in a given region of space that has been selected for study during an experiment or observation
system
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An explanation of how phenomena occur and how data or events are related or a physical object
model
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The result of nearly every measurement is a ____ and a _____.
number and a unit
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The ____ ____ of measurement is used in science.
SI system
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Name the four base units in SI system of measurements
- meter (length)
- Kilogram (mass)
- Second (time)
- Kelvin (temperature)
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A measure of gravitational pull on matter
weight
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The ratio of mass to volume
density
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Used to convert from one unit to another
conversion
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Something that has magnitude, size, or amount
quantity
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The amount of space occupied by an object
volume
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A mathematical technique that allows you to use units to solve problems involving measurements
dimensional analysis
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Refers to the closeness of a measurement to the correct or accepted value
accuracy
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Refers to the closeness of values for a set of measurements
precision
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the difference between the experimental and the accepted value that is divided by the accepted value and then multiplied by 100
percentage error
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Completely certain and do not limit the number of digits in a calculation
exact conversion factor
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two quantities that if divided on by the other it will yield a constant value
directly proportional
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two quantities that if multiplied their product will have a constant value
inversely proportional
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