Module III Unit B

24 weeks

28 weeks

28 weeks

32 weeks

32 weeks

Circulatory & lymphatic systems

• Evaporation
• Exposure to wet surfaces
• Wash and dry baby after birth
• Keep warm / dry

• Conduction
• Direct contact to objects
• All objects in contact with baby must be warmed
• If weighing infant, place warm blanket on scale

• Convection
• Heat transfer due to heat surrounding infant, replaced by cool air
• No fans
• Don't move around a lot

• Radiation
• Heat transfer from cooler objects
• Keep baby away from windows, doors, outside facing walls

• Decreased surfactant protection
• Respiratory Distress
• Metabolic Acidosis
• Increases risk of jaundice
• Vasoconstriction

Increased metabolism, causing increased need for oxygen & glucose (hypoglycemia)

Too much heat in the incubators

a few (2-3)

First stool of infant

• Is thick, sticky, tar like
• Greenish black in color

Must pass within 2 days or suspect obstruction

• Is unlike stool because its contents are things ingested in utero
• (intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, amniotic fluid, bile, and water)

ewwww

• Stool with meconium still in it
• Greenish brown
• loose in consistency

• Breast Milk Stool
• Mustard yellow in color
• Soft / liquid like consistency
• Has almost no odor
• Can pass up to 10x a day

• Formula Milk Stool
• Pale yellow
• Has odor
• Pale yellow to light brown
• Firm
• Passed a few times a day
• MUCH less than breast fed

40-45 mg/dL

1/4

• 120-160 bpm
• 100 sleeping
• 180 crying

• 30-60 breaths per minute
• 40 is the average

• Irregular, shallow breaths
• Should NOT be labored
• Rales (crackles) are normal (due to fluid in lungs)
• Chest movement should be symmetric
• Chest movement should be

• 65-95 systolic
• 30-60 diastolic

5 pounds 8 ounces to 8 pounds 13 ounces

10%

• Vitamin K injection (IM)
• Erythromycin drops to eyes

12-24 hours

The hormones of the mother in utero

Hep B

2 months

12 months

Recommended range is 12-15 months

12 months

Recommended range is 12-15 months

2 months

• Persistentblue or cyanotic discoloration of the extremities           
• Most commonly occurring in the hands, feet, distal parts of face           
• Common initially after delivery in the preterm and full term newborn                   
• Intervention normally is not required

• Caput succedaneumis swelling of the scalp in a newborn           
• Caused by pressure from the uterus or vaginal wall during a head-first (vertex) delivery

Is a hemorrhage of blood between the skull and the periosteum of a newborn

• A collection of blood under the skin of the scalp  
•          
• Stays on top of one of the skull bones, it does not cross the midline.

Small white or yellow cystic vesicles (1 to 3 mm in size)

Seen in the median palatal of the mouth of newborns

Occur in 65-85% of newborns

• Typically
• seen on the roof of the mouth (palate) and are filled with fluid

• Caused
• during development of the palate by entrapped epithelium (fissural cyst)

Do not require treatment

Resolve spontaneously over the first few weeks of life

Rash of small, yellow-to-white-colored bumps (papules) surrounded by red skin

Appear in half of all normal newborn infants

May appear in the first few hours of life, or it can appear after the first day

Condition can last for several days       

Usually on face, middle of the body, upper arms and thighs

Rash can change rapidly

Appearing and disappearing in different areas over hours to days

Neonatal jaundice

Very fine,soft, and usually un-pigmented, downy hair           

Found on the body of a fetus or newborn baby           

The first hair to be produced by the fetal hair follicles           

Usually appears at about 5 months of gestation           

Normally shed before birth (7 or 8 months of gestation)           

Sometimes present at birth and disappears within a few days or weeks

• Milia are tiny white bumps or small cysts on the skin           
• Almost always seen in newborn babies           
• Whitish, pearly bump in the skin of newborns           
• Bumps that appear across the cheeks, nose, and chin           
• No treatment needed

Common skin condition of neonates            Flat, deep-pink localized areas of capillary dilation           

• Occur predominantly on                     
• Back of the neck                        Lowerocciput                       
• Uppereyelids
• Upper lip                       
• Bridge of the nose           

Disappear permanently by about 2 years of age

Flattening of head of infant

aka Neonatal conjunctivitis

• baby's eyes are contaminated during passage
• through the birth canal from a mother infected with either Gonorrhea or Chlamydia

baby's arms and legs will develop a marbling pattern

Occurs when the blood flow to the skin diminishes

• Sympathetic nervous system shunts the blood away from our skin so we don't
• loose body heat.

Babies get mottling because their sympathetic nervous system isn't regulated yet

• Infancy - Trust vs Mistrust
• Infant must rely on caregiver for basic needs
• Mistrust is result of inconsistent and inadequate care

• Toddler (1-3 years old)
• Autonomy vs Doubt
• Encouragement from caregivers needed to develop basic skills
• Skills include feeding, dressing, & toileting
• Over protection or high expectations cause doubt

• Preschool (4-6 years old)
• Initiative vs Guilt
• Child has new independence and weeks new experiences
• Restrictions and reprimanding this curiosity causes guilt

• Industry vs Inferiority School Aged
• Child’s self-worth tied to completing projects and receiving
• recognition for it
• Inferiority caused by unacceptance by peers and not reaching parental
• expectations

• Identity vs. Role Confusion - Adolescence
• Trying roles and rebelling normal for acquiring sense of self
• Role confusion occurs  when
• unable to establish identity and direction

• Intimacy vs Isolation - Young Aduthood
• Uniting self identity with commitments to others
• Fear of such commitments results in isolation & loneliness

• Generativity vs Stagnation - Middle Adulthood
• Family, friends, & community involvement heavy
• Time of having concerns towards next generation
• Desire to make contribution to the world
• Stagnation result in not achieving these goals
• One become self-absorbed and regresses

• Ego Integrity vs Despair - Later Adulthood
• Older years are filled with reminiscence about life events
• Despair caused by feeling life was series of failures

• Respiratory
• Heart Rate
• Color
• Muscle Tone
• Reflex (Irritability)

7-10 score is normal