Nutrition 11

The essential mineral element in the structure of vitamin B-12 is

a) calcium

b) copper

c) iron

d) cobalt

Excesses of trace minerals

a) are excreted in the urine

b) are safely stored in the liver

c) a and b

d) tend to accumulate in tissues

The chief determinant for the absorption of trace minerals is

a) the amount present in the diet

b) the amount of phytic acid in the diet

c) the physiological need

d) the amount of oxalic acid in the diet

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

Foods of animal origin are more reliable sources of trace minerals than are foods of plant origin

About 70-80% of total body iron in an adult is located in

a) the liver

b) the spleen

c) hemoglobin

d) transferrin

The oxygen-carrying protein of the red blood cells is __________ The oxygen-holding protein of the muscle cells is _____________

___________is the short-term storage form of iron

a) Ferritin

b) Hemoglobin

c) Myoglobin

d) Hemosiderin

The major function of iron in the body is to

a) form ferritin in muscosal cells

b) form transferrin in the blood

c) transport oxygen from the lungs to all cells

d) transport nutrients in the blood

The average life span of red blood cells is about

a) one day

b) three days

c) four months

d) one year

Iron is lost from the body primarily through

a) destruction of red blood cells

b) sloughing of cells, urine, feces, and sweat

c) excretion via the bile

d) hair

The average loss of iron is about _____________per day

a) 0.1 to 0.2 mg

b) 0.3 to 1.2 mg

c) 1.2 to 3.0 mg

d) 5.0 to 10.0 mg

The protein carrier required for iron transport in the blood is _________. It is normally_________% saturated with iron

The average rate of iron absorption is normally about

a) 18%

b) 30%

c) 50%

d) 80%

Of the groups listed below,____________are least vulnerable to iron deficiency

a) adolescent girls

b) infants solely breast-fed after six months

c) adult males

d) pregnant women

Iron deficiency anemia is described as

a) microcytic hypochromic

b) macrocytic hyperchromic

c) microcytic hyperchromic

d) macrocytic hypochromic

Iron deficiency is a state in which iron stores are __________. Test readings of percent transferrin saturation will____________while TIBC will

a) depleted; increase; decrease

b) depleted; decrease; increase

c) unaffected; decrease; decrease

d) unaffected; increase; increase

Iron deficiency anemia is not caused by

a) excessive blood loss

b) alcholism

c) repeated prenancies

d) parasitic infections

Of the factors listed below, only_____________ is not a reason why alcoholics are more vulnerable than others to iron overload

a) enhanced iron absorption caused by alcohol

b) damage to the liver caused by alcohol

c) damage to the intestine caused by alcohol

d) the high iron content of alcoholic drinks

The rate of iron absorption form the gut is controlled mainly by

a) the iron status of the individual

b) the amount of ascorbic acid in the diet

c) the amount of meat in the diet

d) the amount of heme iron in the diet

Heme iron is present in

a) whole grains

b) green leafy vegetables

c) milk and eggs

d) meat, fish, and poultry

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

Non-heme iron is more soluble in alkaline condition and is more easily absorbed lower down in the gastrointestinal tract

__________not inhibit iron absorption

a) tea does

b) soy products do

c) bran does

d) orange juice does

True/False (support your answer with an explanation)

Heme iron has greater bioavailbility than does non-heme iron

The main biological function of zinc is as

a) an enzyme

b) a cofactor

c) an oxygen carrier

d) a coenzyme

___________is not a symptom of zinc deficiency

a) growth retardation

b) impaired immune responce

c) decreased taste acuity

d) pernicious anemia

___________ do not have a high risk of marginal zinc deficiency

a) strict vegetarians

b) the elderly

c) breast-fed babies

d) pregnant women

Of the foods listed below,____________is/are the richest source of zinc

a) oysters

b) cow's milk

c) cantaloupe

d) lettuce

Those at least risk of developing subclinical deficiencies are

a) infants

b) habitual dieters

c) food faddists

d) male athletes

The best choice for a vitamin and mineral supplement, if needed, is

a) a supplement with one or two nutrients only

b) a multi-vitamin and mineral supplement that is close to the RDA level for each nutrient

c) an organic preparation

d) a non-synthetic product

Of the supplements listed below, ____________is/are potentially most detrimental to health

a) vitamins A and D

b) nutritional yeast

c) desiccated liver

d) wheat germ