The set of interactions that members of purposeful groups use to accomplish their individual and common goals.
Organizations
The goals and effects of communication.
Function
The goals and effects of communication.
Function
The goals and effects of communication.
Function
A function of organizational communication in which activity is coordinated toward accomplishing tasks.
Production
A function of organizational communication in which stability of existing systems is preserved.
Maintenance
The function of organizational communication by means of which systems are changed.
Innovation
Recurring patterns of interaction among organizational members.
Structure
In a traditional conduit model of communication, communication with subordinates.
Downward communication
In a traditional conduit model of communication, communication with superiors.
Upward communication
In a traditional conduit model of communication, communication with peers.
Horizontal communication
A power structure in which some members exercise authority over others.
Hierarchy
Officially designated channels of communication, reflecting explicit or desired patterns of interaction.
Formal structure
Unspoken but understood channels of communication, reflecting patterns that develop spontaneously.
Informal Structure
A pattern of shared beliefs, values, and behaviors.
Organizational culture
The communicative, behavioral, and cognitive processes that influences individuals to join, identify with, become integrated into, and (occasionally) exit and organization.
Assimilation
Organizational identification
The stage of assimilation that occurs when an employee’s values overlap with the organization’s values.
Employees’ feelings of self-efficacy.
Empowerment
Behavior and communication designed to increase liking.
Ingratiation
Assertiveness
expressing one’s opinions forcefully without offending others.
The ability to communicate through reasoning, bargaining, coalition building, and assertiveness.
Rationality
A chronic condition that results from the accumulation of daily stress, which manifests itself in a very specific set of characteristics including exhaustion, cynicism and effectiveness.
Burnout
theory that organizations are a system composed of many subsystems, and embedded in larger systems and that organizations should develop communication strategies that serve both.
General systems theory
Globalization
The increasing connectedness of the world in economic, political, and cultural realms.
New social contract
Assumes that loyalty that is not expected by workers or organizations, and that job security is unlikely.
Individuals who work in temporary positions, part time, or as sub contractors.
Contingent employees
Companies that try to shorten the time it takes to develop new products, and respond to customer demands.
Urgent organizations
Repeated hostile behaviors that are, or are perceived to be, intended to harm parties who are unable to defend themselves.
Bullying
Requests for sexual favors as a condition of getting or keeping a job or benefit. One of two types of sexual harassment recognized by federal law.
Quid pro quo
An intimidating hostile or offensive workplace atmosphere created by unwelcome and inappropriate sexually based behavior. One of two types of sexual harassment recognized by federal law.
Hostile work environment
Assessing the available information and options in order to increase one’s understanding of the conflict and the other party for engaging in conflict communication.
Strategy control
Communication is the process that calls organizations into being.
True
communication that is used to influence the attitudes or behaviors of others; the art of persuasion.
rhetoric
an informed consumer of rhetorical discourse who is prepared to analyze rhetorical texts.
rhetorical critic
the first group to teach persuasive speaking skills in the Greek city-states
sophists
a public speaker
orator
artistic skills of a rhetor that influence effectiveness.
artistic proofs
the rhetorical construction of character.
ethos
the identity one creates through one’s public communication efforts.
persona
the rhetorical use of emotions to affect audience decision making.
pathos
rational appeals; the use of rhetoric to help the audience see the rationale for a particular conclusion.
logos
place in the social hierarchy, which comes from the way society is structured.
social position
those people who can take the appropriate action in response to a message.
rhetorical audience
any event that generates a significant amount of public discourse.
rhetorical event
the type of rhetoric used to argue what a society should do in the future.
deliberative rhetoric
the arena in which deliberative decision making occurs through the exchange of ideas and arguments.
public sphere
rhetoric that addresses events that happened in the past with the goal of setting things right after an injustice has occurred.
forensic rhetoric
a large, organized body of people who are attempting to create social change.
social movement
evocative speeches intended to entertain, inspire, celebrate, commemorate or build community.
social-occasion speeches
whichever of three goals to inform persuade or entertain, dominates a speech.
general purpose
the process of determining of what an audience already knows or wants to know about a topic; who they are what they know or need to know about a speaker, and what their expectations might be for the presentation.
audience analysis
a portion of an audience analysis that considers the ages, races, sexes, sexual orientations, religions and social class of the audience.
demographic analysis
what a speaker wants to inform or persuade an audience about, or the type of feelings the speaker wants to evoke.
specific purpose
a statement of the topic of a speech, and the speaker’s position on it.
thesis statement
information that supports the speaker’s ideas.
supporting materials
audiovisual materials that help a speaker to reach intended speech goals.
visual aids
one that follows a timeline.
chronological pattern
one that arranges points by location and can be used to describe something small.
spatial pattern
one that has no innate organization, except that imposed by the speaker.
topical pattern
one in which the speaker describes various aspects to a problem, and then proposes solutions.
problem solution pattern
one used to create understanding and agreement, and sometimes to argue for a specific action.
cause-effect pattern
opening material of a speech from which the audience members gain a first impression of the speech’s content and of the speaker.
introduction
transitions in a speech that help an audience understand the speaker’s organization, making it easier for them to follow.
signposts
closing material of a speech, where the speaker reviews the main points, may challenge the audience to act, and leaves the audience with a positive view of speaker and topic.
conclusion
the presentation of a speech before an audience.
delivery
looking directly into the eyes of another.
eye contact
the plural form of medium, a channel of communication.
media
mediated communication intended for large audiences.
mass media
large organizations in the business of mass communication that produce, distribute or show various media texts (cultural products) as an industry.
cultural industries
popular books addressed to a large audience and widely distributed.
mass-market paperbacks
electronic books read on a computer screen instead of printed page.
e-books
seekers of various media messages and resisters of others.
active agents
the influence that the media have on peoples’ everyday lives.
mass-media effects
a television show, advertisement, movie or other media event.
media text
the idea that people seek media messages and or interpret media texts in ways that confirm their believes and conversely resist or avoid messages that challenge their beliefs.
selective exposure
the idea that people use media messages and find various types of gratifications in some media texts rather than in others.
uses and gratifications
approach to understanding media that focuses on a specific aspect of content of a text or group of texts.
content analysis
the power of media coverage to influence individuals’ view of the world.
agenda-setting capacity
idea that long-term immersion in a media environment leads to “cultivation”, or enculturation, into shared beliefs about the world.
cultivation theory
the process by which we consent to social constructions rather than having them imposed on us.
hegemony
occasions or catastrophes that interpret regular programming.
media event
representations of violent acts in media.
media violence
device that identifies television program ratings by content and can block programming designated by the owner.
v-chip
the ways in which media institutions produce texts in a capitalist system, and the legal and regulatory frameworks that shape their options for doing so.
political economy
the practice of organizing to communicate displeasure with certain media images and messages as well as to force change in media texts.
media activism
self-imposed rules for Hollywood media content instituted in 1930, with the goal of creating “wholesome” entertainment.
Hays code
Motion Picture Association of America
MPAA
a self-regulating system of the television industry that rates programs in terms of appropriateness and for particular age groups.
TV parental guidelines
a collection of mediated communication technologies that are digital and converging and tend to be interactive.
new media
short for weblogs; online diaries or news commentaries.
blogs
audio file stored digitally.
podcast
information that is transmitted in a numerical format based on the only two values (0 and 1).
digital
the exchange of messages carried through intervening system with digital electronic storage and transmitted between two or more people.
computer-mediated communication (CMC)
the online world often used synonymously with the internet.
cyberspace
a system of networks that connects millions of computers around the world.
internet
a system of interlinked hypertext documents contained on the internet.
world wide web (www)
web-based service where people construct their profiles, identify others with whom they share a connection and interact with others within the system.
social networking sites (SNSs)
text based “virtual reality” games in which participants interact with enrichments objects and other participants.
massively multiplayer online games (MMOGs)
the theoretical perspective that sees mediated communication as less useful than face-to-face Ftf communication.
media deficit approach
a theoretical perspective that sees views mediated communication as complimenting or augmenting face to face communication.
media augmentation approach
removing nonverbal cues.
filtering
degree of psychological closeness or immediacy engendered by various media.
social presence
suggests that face to face communication is generally high in this kind of social presence and that media vary in the amount of social presence they convey.
social presence theory
theory that describes the potential information-carrying capacity of a communication medium.
media richness theory
pictographs used to convey relational information in computer mediated communication such as the smiley face :-)
emoticons
communication in which messages are sent and received at the same time.
synchronous
communication in which messages are sent and received at different times.
asynchronous
theory that proves that the patterns of connections among people affect their social behavior and communication.
social network theory
misrepresenting oneself online.
spoofing
unwanted commercial messages and advertisements sent through email.
spam
the practice of trying fraudulently to get consumer banking and credit card information.
phishing
the deliberate and repeated misused of communication technology by an individual or group to threaten or harm others.
cyberbullying
projecting a false identity
pseudoanonymity
digital alter-egos or versions of oneself used by MMOgs.
avatars
potential partners and friends typically much larger via CMC than via FtF relationships.
field of availables
equality of access between technology “haves” and “have nots”.
digital divide
cultural knowledge and cultural competencies that people need to function effectively in society.
cultural capital
access to technological skills and resources.
technocapital
theory that suggests that in order for people to accept new technology like the computer they have to see it as useful and compatible with their values and lifestyle.
