World History - Ancient Greece 1750 BC - 133 BC -Chapter 4

to banish someone

democracy - council of 500

someone who lives in a specific city

a ruler who gained power by force

city-state in Greece

• The chief temple to Athena
• The Parthenon  is a simple rectangle with tall columns supporting a gently sloping roof.
• 

a Greek writer

a philosopher

a city in Egypt

• Alexander's Father
• Prince of Macedon

oligarchy - a small group of people having control of a country, organization, or institution.

aristocracy - the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.

an Athenian statesman

the "Father of History" because he went beyond listing names of rulers or the retelling of ancient legends.

a historian about the Pelopennisian War

• Mycenaeans conquered the Greek mainland before overrunning the island of Crete.
• Mycenaean were sea traders.
• Mycenaeans are best remembered for their part in the Trojan War.

No democracy

• Athens was a bully, they were defeated.
• Many Greeks outside Athens resented Athenian domination.  Before long, the Greek world was split into rival camps.  To counter the Delian League, Sparta and other enemies of Athens formed the Peloponnesian League.

• One of the innovations of the great Greek mathematician and inventor
• Invented the Archimedean screw which is a simple machine that transfers water from a low level to a higher level

The polis (city-state) was built on two levels. On the top of a hill stood acropolis, or high city, with its great marble temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses.  On the flatter ground below lay the walled main city with its marketplace, theater public buildings and homes.

the Greeks were well equipped

• Cleisthenes broadened the role of ordinary citizens in government.
• He made the Council of 500 a genuine legislature, or lawmaking body, that debated laws before deciding to approve or reject them.

• Athenians Win at Marathon
• Greek City-States Unite - When the Persian empire attacked Greece, the Greek city-states briefly joined forces to defend their independence.
• Athens Leads the Delian League

pages 124-126

• The work of Greek artists and architects reflected with balance, order and beauty.
• Greek architects sought to convey a sense of perfect balance to reflect the harmony and order of the universe. The Parthenon  is a simple rectangle with tall columns supporting a gently sloping roof.
• Greek sculptors had developed a new style that emphasized more natural forms.  Their work was lifelike. Sculptors carved gods, goddesses, athletes, and famous men in a way that showed human beings in their most perfect, graceful form.
• 

• Pericles a Athenian statesman
• Formed a direct democracy (citizens take part in day to day affairs)
• The assembly now met several times a month

• Euripides-tragic playwright, wrote The Trojan Women
• Aristophanes-comic playwright, wrote Lysistrata
• Sophocles-tragic playwright, Antigone

• Founder of Stoicism
• Urged people to avoid desires and by accepting whatever life brought

• Illiad- chief source of the Trojan War
• Odyssey- tells about the struggles the Greeks had on to returning home

• Extent to India
• Named many places after himself
• Spread Greek Culture