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What is organizational identification? How is it related to the process of assimilation?
A stage of assimilation that occurs when an employee's values overlap with the organization's values.
Public Service (utility company) values community involvement, encourages its employees to volunteer, and provides time off to do so. New hires might not like it at first and might resist, but some of them will change over time and identify with the values.
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What four communication strategies contribute to supervisors' success?
- Openness
- Supportiveness
- Motivation
- Empowerment
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What three aspects of the organization does Edward Schein recommend we analyze in order to understand an organization's culture?
- Artifacts: furniture, pictures on walls, employee attire, organization's communication style, rituals, and stories
- Beliefs: identify the values and beliefs espoused by organizational leaders. They might not align with what the organization truly values.
- Behavior: underlying assumptions or beliefs that influence organization members' behavior.
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How has the "social contract" between individuals and organizations changed over the past twenty-five years? (new social contract)
Employees used to expect to spend years if not their entire working lives with a single company and be rewarded for good service and loyalty with job security and good retirement benefits.
Now, loyalty is not expected by workers or organizations and job security rarely exists because if it is profitable, companies are quick to sell or merge with other corporations, and employees are willing to jump ship if the right opportunity arises.
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In what ways can organizations exert power over individuals?
- Bullying (rank difference is key)
- Sexual Harassment
- Employee Privacy and Monitoring
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What is meant by "a strategic approach" to managing conflict?
Preparing for conflicts and engaging in strategy control.
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What are the four steps to the "strategic approach" to conflict management?
- Know what you want to occur as a result of the interaction
- Decide if the issue is worth confronting
- Understand what the other party wants, what their goals are
- Plan the interaction such as where, when, and what tactics will be most effective.
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Identify three general purposes in public speaking. How is the general purpose different from the specific purpose? Explain.
General purpose is the dominant objective in speaking: inform, persuade, and/or to entertain/evoke feeling (evocative speech).
Specific purpose focuses on what you would like to inform or persuade your audience about, or what type of feelings you want to evoke.
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What strategies do media consumers use to select and reject media texts?
- information
- personal identity
- integration and social interaction
- entertainment
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How do media events reaffirm values and social identities?
Images we see on television/movies/films/magazines etc. shape our sense of what it is to be a man or woman, for example.
Men are often portrayed as stronger/more powerful than women.
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What are common concerns about media violence, and how are these concerns being addressed?
Federal Communications Commission mandated that TVs have V-Chips, which identifies program ratings by content and can block programming that is designated by the owner.
Parents who underscored the fictional nature of a program's characters had children who were better able to deal with the violence and were less afraid.
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How do media activists respond to media messages they find objectionable?
- Communicate concerns via media to wide audiences
- Be an active agent (make choices on what you view)
- Broaden media horizons (understand others)
- Talk back (to the TV, what you hear, etc)
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What are some concerns that contemporary media activists have raised?
- Content in television shows and its influence on children
- Distortions perpetrated or reinforced by the media
- Accuracy and fairness in reporting various issues and the inclusion of diverse viewpoints
- Find and provide media texts that offer alternatives to mainstream sources (Clean Flicks).
- Cruelty to animals, situations in Palestine, Guantanamo, Afghanistan, violence against women, anti-Semitism, genocide, racism, etc.
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Describe the primary characteristics of social presence theory, media richness theory, and social network theory.
- Social presence theory: talking on the phone conveys less social presence than ftf interaction, but more than email communication--where all nonverbal cues are filtered out. Media low in social presence (texting, emailing, tweets) seem more impersonal, less sensitive, and less "relationship-focused."
- Media richness theory: ftf communication is the richest medium for communicating--because you can see facial expressions and body gestures as well as hear the tone, speed, and quality of a person's voice. Skype is a richer medium than a telephone.
- Social network theory: the more that people are socially connected to each other, the more intensely they are likely to communicate using various media available to them.
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