Final Final Final Flash cards`

enzyme that couples two reactions; the highly unfavorable with the highly favorable

remove electrons and hydrogen ions with release of free energy

it is an oxidation and an acyl-phosphate formation (dehydration)

The thioester intermediate that forms reduces the free energy required to get the acyl-phosphate formation to occur

cysteine acts as the nucleophile

it has a zinc molecule, which polarizes the bonds

tw ATP

fructose--> fructose 1-phosphate (by fructokinase)--> glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (fructose 1-phosphate aldolase)

glyceraldehyde converted by triose kinase to G3P

pyruvate + NAD+ + CoA---> acetyl-CoA + CO2 + NADH

eight

in the matrix

pyruvate can' tget through on its own and so pyruvate translocase is needed. It is a symporter that transports pyruvate against its concentration gradient into the matrix using protons as energy

highly acidic; can use a proton and pyruvate

• 1) captures energy associated with decarboxylation
• 2) allows decarboxylation to happen

The SS bond breaks; one side binds the acetyl goroup; the other accepts electrons

dihydrolipoamide which must be oxidized

channels through which pyruvate enters and is trapped

it demonstrates sequential ordered kinetics

a Pi group comes in and energy from attaching succinate to CoA will supply energy

it binds the enz in one conformation

they all accept and pass on e-

NADH + Q + 5 H+matrix --> NAD+ + QH2 + 4 H+cytoplasm

QH2 + 2 Cyt c (oxidized) + 2 H+ (matrix) --> Q + 2 Cyt c (red) + 4 H+(cytoplasm)

four electrons

cyt c docks on one at a time

two hydrogens to break the bond between the two; and two to reduce

4 cyt c (reduced) + 8 H+ (matrix) + O2--> 4 cyt c (ox) + 2 H2O + 4 H+ (cytoplasm)

• I 
• III
• IV

• glutamate
• glutamine
• proline
• arginine

• aspartate
• asparagine
• methionine
• threonine
• isoleucine
• lysine

• allosterically (most rapid)
• reversible cov. modification (longer dueto kinase being recruited)
• control amount of enzyme at level of transcription

becuase pyruvate can be made to glucose adn vice versa but once converted to acetyl CoA, there's no turning back

adipose cells with a lot of mitochondrion in them; found in animals that like to hibernate

these mitochondria produce H+ gradient. Proteins in the membranes of these mitochondria are uncoupling proteins (UCP_ which uncouple the link betwee e transport and use it to make ATP; allows building and flow of H+, making heat

• ATP ~P
• NADPH synthesis
• Heat production
• Electron potential
• Active transport
• Flagellar rotation