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What were two early problems of two extreme systems of government that the constitution needed to compromise with?
- republics that were too large could eventually be tyrannical
- confederacy were too autonomous and divided, thereby they couldn't rally unification
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What was Madison's solution between the two extremes?
Federalism: a system of dual sovereignty where state and federal govt's can coexist as sovereigns within the same space.
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How much power did Madison feel that the National gov't had?
- limited set of powersÂ
- "few and defined"
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How much power did the state have?
- "numerous and indefinite"
- anything that concerned the "liberties and properties of the people , and the internal order as well as the improvement and prosperity of the States"
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What was the most dangerous power of Congress according to Madison and how much power did Congress have over it?
- unlimited spending "Power of the Purse"
- It is stated explicitly in the enumerated powers of the constitution in Art I sect 8.
- Does not incr/decr power to spend
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Why did Madison believe in a centralized gov't for the federal level?
- It would be easier to secure national goals while maintaining local autonomy necessary.
- Strong enough national gov't to raise an army, economy
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Why did Madison believe in a decentralized gov't in the state level?
- allows citizens greater chance to participate ("political effigy") in democratic process
- representatives will more closely reflect the constituents' interests
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How would there be competition in gov't?
state will try to make themselves the most attractive area for investments and businesses in order to gain grants,
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What was Hamilton's opinion on Congress' Power of the Purse?
- Congress has a very broad scope on how to spend since it is for the "general welfare" of the public.
- Expands congressional power
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What are the perks of federalism?
having multiple layers of gov't allows citizens to be more involved in democratic processes.
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