Histo- Integument.txt

The epidermis is made of ___________ _____________, ____________ epithelium.

What are the 5 components of the dermis?

The hypodermis and subcutaneous layers are made up of ______________.

Stratified squamous epithelial cells of the epidermis that are arranged in 4 distinct layers.

The stratum basale consists of the ___________, ___________, ____________ epithelial cells that are attached to the basement membrane; as they proliferate, the daughter cells....

The stratum spinosum is comprised of __________, __________, _________ cells that are __________-shaped; they have prominent ______________, which are ____________.

Desmosomes are anchored to the cell membrane by ____________.

The stratum granulosum is comprised of ________, _________, __________ cells with prominent __________.

What are the 2 types of granules in the stratum granulosum?

The lamellar granules of the stratum granulosum are made of __________ that is extruded into extracellular spaces to serve as an ___________.

The stratum corneum is made up of ________, _______, ________ cells; it consists of intracellular ___________ that are cross-linked in an amorphous matrix.

The stratum corneum is __________.

The thickness of the epidermis varies with __________ and ___________

What are the 3 types of accessory cells of the epidermis?

Accessory cells that are pigment generators in the epidermis; dendritic (clear) cells.

The accessory cells of the epidermis that are macrophages; dendritic (clear) cells.

Most melanin is contained in __________.

Melanocytes in the ___________ of the epidermis make __________, which is then.....

Substance that quenches UV light, scavenges free radicals, and prevents oxidative damage in the epidermis.

Langerhans cells in the ___________ that trap _______ and present them to ________ in the ________; part of SALT.

Intraepidermal lymphocytes are __________, which moderate cell-mediated immunity.

What are the 2 functions of the epidermis?

Meshwork of fibers in a gelatin-like solution extracellular fluid, cells, and glycosaminoglycans.

The dermis is a thick layer of _____________.

What are the 3 levels of dermal circulation?

The SubQ/ deep dermal circulation consists of __(2)__; the cutaneous plexus supplies __(2)__; the papillary plexus is beneath the ________ and is composed of __(2)__.

The _________ regulate blood flow to the surface of the skin, which also serves the purpose to regulate _________.

When the A-V anastomoses b/w the cutaneous dermal circulation and papillary plexus are closed, ...

When the A-V anastomoses b/w the cutaneous dermal circulation and papillary plexus are opened, ...

Septic thrombosis and dermal ischemic necrosis.

Fibroblasts secrete ____________ and _____________.

What are the 3 types of cells that are part of SALT (skin-associated lymphoid tissues)?

The reactive cells in the dermis.

6 functions of the dermis.

What are the 3 zones of hair/feather follicles?

In a hair/feather follicle, the ______ is where stem cells are located and the _______ is the growth zone.

What are the 4 layers of epidermis around a hair follicle?

What are the 3 divisions of the hair shaft of a hair follicle?

During hair growth, __________ proliferate from the hair bulb and form a rolled cylinder of _________, __________ epithelial cells; the _________ dissolves at the level of the sebaceous duct, and _________ is injected into basal cells and carried up the hair shaft.

The ____________ invaginates into the hair bulb of a hair follicle.

3 functions of hair/feathers?

Tactile hairs that come from a modified hair follicle set in a blood-filled sinus and the trabecular meshwork in the sinus is extensively innervated.

Sebaceous glands function by ___________ secretion, which means they empty into follicles by ____________ from the basal cell layer, _________ into lipid-containing cells, and __________ of the entire cell.

Sebaceous glands release _________, a lipid that coats the epidermis to decreased water absorption and serves as an antimicrobial.

Sweat glands consist of _________ tubules lined by __________ epithelium; they function by _________, meaning the cells do not proliferate, differentiate, or die; _________ glands empty into follicles and _________ gland empty directly onto the skin surface.

Smooth muscle attached to follicles and epidermis that contracts to increase the angle of the hair and squeezes the follicles and glands.

The deepest layer of the integument that lies beneath the dermis; the thickness varies.

The hypodermis/subcutaneous layer is made up of ____________, which is _________ filled with ________.

What are the 3 functions of the hypodermis?

The digit has ________ __________ epithelium; the fingernail is made of a ___________.

In a claw, the nail plate and dermis cover the ________ of the distal phalanx.

Infection around and in the nailbed.

The hoof wall is the ___________ divided into 3 layers, which are...

Where does each layer of the hoof wall stratum corneum grow from?

Interdigitating finers of the hoof dermis and epidermis that have many secondary fingers to allow tight binding of the hoof wall to the dermis.

____________ grow out from the epidermal laminae of the stratum internum of the hoof wall and fuse with the outer layers of the dermal laminae.

Inflammation b/w the dermal laminae with necrosis and separation of keratinocytes.

The pinna is skin with adnexae stretch over a ____________.

Skin rolled into a hollow tube supported by cartilage, connecting the pinna to the ear drum.

The external auditory meatus contains ____________ and ____________ glands that makes a combined waxy secretory product with antimicrobial properties, called ___________.

The conjunctiva of the eyelid consists of an inner smooth _________, _________ epithelium with _______.

Sebaceous glands in the tarsal plate of the eye that open through a common duct at the lid margin.

Granuloma of the meibomian (tarsal) gland.

Ptosis is indicative of....

Modified sebaceous glands of the perineum.

Cystic diverticula of the anus that are lined by apocrine glands.

What is the most common disorder of the perineum?