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What level of structure refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of all the atoms in one polypeptide chain?
Tertiary (multiple chains would be quad)
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Which of the following are reducing sugars?
Basically sucrose is the only non reducing sugar, it has a 5 membered ring. All other are reducing
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The titration curve for D would show...
3 plateaus, the acidic ones (D and E) and the basic lysine (K), would show 3, assume 2 for others?
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Archaebacteria have modified their lipids to accommodate their environment through
ether linkages
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Some proteins are anchored to the membrane by being covalently attached to a ------ group by a thioester linkage to a specific cysteine residue.
phosphatidate
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A buffer solution at pH 5.0 has a ratio of [HA]/[A-]=100. What is the pKa of the acid.
7
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Refer to the following information, what is the predominant form of the amino acid abbreviated Y at pH1?
positive, any amino acid would be. If neutral know that (E and D) are acidic, and (K,H, and N) are basic
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What groups are present in M at a pH of 11?
COO- nad NH2, think its more basic so less hydrogens
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The peptide bond
- -is usually trans (more stable)
- -does not have free rotation
- -the six atoms are planar
-
A-helices are different from B-sheets because
the hydrogen bones are parallel to axis in a helices and the hydrogen bonds are perpendicular in B sheets
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When the first oxygen binds to FE in heme of Hb, the Fe is drawn into the plane of the the porphyrin ring, True or false?
true
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Which of the followings about Fe in heme is correct?
the distal histidine helps to minimize oxidation
-
The second law of thermodynamics states
the total entropy of a system and its surroundings always increases
-
The oligonucleotide pAGGTCCATTGAA is best described as
A DNA oligonucleotide with a 5' phosphate
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The fetal hemglobin has higher affinity to O2 than maternal because
fetus hemoglobin has lower affinity to BPG
-
Anaerobic coniditons due to exercise or due to tumor growth activate the transcription factor HIF-1 which
activates enolase
-
hexokinase is
- allosteric
- has multiple subunits
- performs "induced fit" when binding to glu
-
increases in F2,6BP lead to activation of PFK-1 is a type of
feedforward activation
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The following reaction (4h 4 e thing) usually demonstates
- -reductive synthesis of fatty acid
- -electrons usually are provided by NADPH
-
Glut 1...
has a low Km and performs basal glucose transportation
-
the rossman fold is
an NAD+ binding motif and is found in LDH and ADH
-
The activity of the enzyme phosphofrutokinase is
stimulated by fructose 2,6-bisphophate
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Inhibition of PFK would also likely cause what to happen in the cell?
inhibition of hexokinase
-
making some bigger (even when using water) is a type of...
ligation reaction
-
the conversion of pyruvate to lactate
- -is the process that results in sore muscles after exercise
- -allows for recycling of NAD+
-
cAMP activates PKA by...
attaching to the regulator subunit of PKA
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Which of the following is an example of a compound that has lower phosphate transfer potential compared to ATP
- -glucose-6phosphate
- -fructose-6phosphate
- -fructose-1,6bisphophate
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NADH is produced at which step of glycolysis?
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase catalyzed reaction
-
The last ATP production in glycolysis is catalyzed by
PK
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Which of the following has the lowest transfer free energy (tranfer from inner membane to extracellular environments?
Asp
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The amino acid histidine plays an important roll physiologicall because
it serves as a proton shuttle
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If the pattern of H-bonding is always the C=O binds to the N-H of residue i+4 within the same peptide chain, the structure is called..
a helix
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cellulose vs glycogen?
cellulose
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