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What is The Gambia a case study for?
Youthful populations
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What is the name of the river that runs through The Gambia?
River Gambia
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How big is The Gambia?
10,000 km2
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What is the capital city of The Gambia?
Banjul
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Do most Gambians live in urban or rural areas?
Rural
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What percentage of the population of Gambia are 25 years old or younger?
64%
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What is the birth rate in The Gambia?
43 per 1000
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Why do people in The Gambia have such large families? (4)
- Economic benefit - children can work on land
- Religion teaches it - contraception is banned
- Sign of fertility
- High infant and child mortality rate
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What is the IMR in The Gambia?
73 per 1000
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What is the life expectancies for men and women in The Gambia?
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What is the doubling time for the population of Gambia
Every 28 years (this is exponential growth)
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What is the dependency ratio in The Gambia?
92.3%
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What are the advantages of having a fast growing and youthful population? (3)
- Strong workforce in the future
- More people paying taxes which can then be spent on infrastructure and services eg schools
- Might attract international investment due to large workforce
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What are the disadvantages of having a fast growing and youthful population? (6)
- Ageing population in the future
- Difficult to educate everyone
- Struggle to find employment
- Pressure on housing and infrastructure
- Potential for high crime levels
- High dependancy ratio
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What are the implications of a youthful population when it comes to urbanisation?
- No sanitation or running water
- Electricity is expensive
- No infrastructure
- Insufficient housing
- Unemployment and poor wages
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What are the implications of a youthful population on overcrowding?
- Insufficient housing
- Schools are overcrowded
- Shortage of teachers and teaching materials
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What are the implications of a youthful population when it comes to resolve depletion?
- Limited books available in schools
- Not enough toilets available
- Deforestation and soil erosion
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At the current rate of deforestation, how many years is it estimated it will take for The Gambia's forests to disappear?
40 years
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What has been done in The Gambia tried to control its growth rate?
Introducing affordable contraception campaign by the Gambian Family Planning Organisation
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How is contraception made affordable in The Gambia?
NGO, Futures, subsides the cost of it
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Hoe many condoms were bought in eight months of the contraception scheme's introduction?
half a million
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How many children die in The Gambia before their fifth birthday?
1 in 10
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How are the Gambian government going to reduce the infant mortality rate in The Gambia?
Giving vaccinations to children against easily treatable conditions such as measles
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What was the fertility rate in the 1990s?
7 children per woman
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How is the issue of deforestation being managed in The Gambia?
Introduction of a forest management plan which:
- Encourages local people to think about overgrazing and deforestation through song and dance
- Divides land between villages in order for them to manage their own resources
- Protect certain areas of land for planting new trees
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What is the GDP in The Gambia?
$1,000
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What percentage of children are illiterate in The Gambia?
75% (3 out of 4)
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How has the world food programme helped to encourage mothers in The Gambia to send their children to school?
By providing one meal a day for them at school
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By how many a year is the Chinese population increasing by?
14 million
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When was the one child policy introduced?
1979
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What percentage of total world population are Chinese?
22% (nearly 1 in every 4 people)
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Why is population growth in China such a major issue?
- Strains natural resources
- Uses up too much national income
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What is the average farm size in China?
50m x 50m
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Where in China is there a water shortage and how is that water used?
In northern China there is a water shortage
- 50% used in agriculture
- 25% used in industry
- 25% other
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Where in China is there a water surplus?
Southern China but the land here is too hilly to farm on
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What is the deemed amount of space required to raise sufficient food for a person for a year?
- 1000m3
- China is going to fall below this figure by 2025
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What is the one child policy?
An anti-natal population management scheme that rewards couples who only have one child with financial incentives such as free healthcare and education.
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What are the recommended ages to marry for males and females in China?
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Is the one child policy one set of rules for all of China or does each province have its own rules ?
Each province in China is allowed to adopt measures that work best for them based on their population density, available resources and level of economic development
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Why is it difficult to enforce the one child policy in rural areas?
- Children are needed to work on land
- Children are needed to look after parents
- Children are seen as symbolic (especially males)
- There is no need for free education if they are gonna be working on farms
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What are the penalties for rural couples who are found to have had more than one child?
- Removal of livestock
- Fines
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Under what conditions may a couple in China have a second child?
- If they pay the fine
- If both parents are single children themselves
- If their first child is disabled
- After 5 years if their first child is a girl
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The one child policy only applies to the Han race. What percentage of the Chinese population are Han?
92%
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What are the benefits of the one child policy?
- Policy has prevented approx. 300 million births
- Fertility rate has dropped from 5.75 (1970) to 1.7 (2000)
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What is the ideal population for China?
300 million
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What are the social challenges associated with the one child policy
- Unemployment, estimated to be 140 million surplus rural workers
- Pressure on housing, infrastructure, education and transport
- Fear that only child will become spoilt (little emperors)
- Distorted male to female ratio 116:100
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What are the economic challenges associated with the policy?
- Reduction in arable land = less space for food production
- Water shortages
- Providing for the future Ageing population with high dependancy ratio
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What is the one child policy like in Shanghai?
Couples are allowed to have 2 children because there is a surplus labour issue
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Approximately how many unmarried Chinese men will there be by the end of the decade?
24 million
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Is Singapore's management scheme pro or anti natal?
Pro natal
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What is the population of Singapore?
4.7 million
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When was Singapore's pro natalist policy introduced?
- 1987.
- From the 1950s up to think point there had been anti-natal policies in Singapore
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What was Singapore's pro natalist campaign's slogan?
"Have three or more if you can afford it"
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How much money would a mother get if she had a third child?
750 SGD
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What practices were changed or stopped after the introduction of the pro-natal policy in Singapore?
- Penalties given to mothers who had multiple children were stopped
- Abortions were discouraged
- Women seeking sterilisation before having had three children had to undergo compulsory counselling
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How many paid weeks of maternity leave do mothers in Singapore receive?
8 weeks (maximum of $20,000)
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Where is Canning Town?
Inner city London
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What percentage of adults in Canning Town have no qualifications?
43.1%
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What type of housing is there in Canning Town?
- Densely populated high rise flats
- Lots of social housing
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What percentage of people in Canning Town are white?
61%
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What is the mean age of the population of Canning Town?
33
(Considerably lower than in Cornwall I'm just saying)
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What did the Catch project in Canning Town aim to do?
- Increase amount of green space
- Improve school attainment and results
- Install street lighting
- Build more family homes
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What is Cornwall a case study for?
A rural area
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What is Canning Town a case study for?
An inner city area
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Is Cornwall sparsely or densely populated?
Sparsely populated
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What is the main employment industry in Cornwall?
Hotels and restaurants (31%)
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What is the housing like in Cornwall?
- Detached housing
- Lots of cottages with land/green space
- 72% own their own homes
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What percentage of people in Cornwall are white?
95.7%
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What is the age structure in Cornwall?
- Fewer young people than UK average
- More elderly people than UK average (as a result there are higher levels of disability and long term illness)
- Longer life expectancy than UK average
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What services are there in Cornwall?
- Largest ever installation of super fast broadband in a rural area anywhere in the world
- Plenty on post offices
- Lots of markets and garden centres
- Limited train services
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How many independent schools are there in Cornwall?
- Eight
- Approx. 60 schools in total
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