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Neda317
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IL-1 func:
An endogenous pyrogen, also called osteoclast-activating factor. Causes fever,acute inflammation. Activates endotheliumto express adhesion molecules; induces chemokine secretion to recruit leukocytes.
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IL-6 func
An endogenous pyrogen. Also secreted by Th2 cells. Causes fever and stimulates production of acute-phase proteins. pro-inflammatory.
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IL-8 func:
Major chemotactic factor for neutrophils.
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IL-12 func:
Induces differentiation of T cells into Th1 cells.Activates NK cells. Also secreted by B cells.
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TNF-a func:
Mediates septic shock. Activates endothelium.Causes leukocyte recruitment, vascular leak.
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IL-2 func:
Stimulates growth of helper, cytotoxic, and regulatory T cells.
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IL-3 func:
Supports the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. Functions like GM-CSF.
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Interferon-γ func:
- Has antiviral and antitumor properties.Activates NK cells to kill virus-infected cells,Increases MHC expression and antigen
- presentation in all cells.
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IL-4 func:
Induces differentiation into Th2 cells. Promotes growth of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgE and IgG.
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IL-5 func:
Promotes differentiation of B cells. Enhances class switching to IgA. Stimulates the growth and differentiation of eosinophils.
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IL-10 func:
Modulates inflammatory response. Inhibits actions of activated T cells and Th1. Also secreted by regulatory T cells.
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Interferon alpha and beta func:
- A part of innate host defense against both RNA and DNA viruses. Interferons are glycoproteins synthesized by viral-infected cells that act locally on uninfected cells,“priming them” for viral defense. When avirus infects “primed” cells, viral dsRNA activates:
- -RNAase L --> degradation of viral/hostmRNA.
- -Protein kinase --> inhibition of viral/hostprotein synthesis.
- Essentially results in apoptosis, therebyinterrupting viral amplification.
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T cell Cell surface proteins
- TCR (binds antigen-MHC complex)
- CD3 (associated with TCR for signaltransduction)
- CD28 (binds B7 on APC)
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helper T cell Cell surface proteins
CD4, CD40 ligand
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cytotoxic T cell Cell surface proteins
CD8
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B cell Cell surface proteins
Ig (binds antigen)CD19, CD20, CD21 (receptor for EBV), CD40MHC II, B7
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macrophages Cell surface proteins
CD14, CD40MHC II, B7Fc and C3b receptors (enhanced phagocytosis)
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NK cells Cell surface proteins
CD16 (binds Fc of IgG), CD56 (unique markerfor NK)
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Anergy
Self-reactive T cells become nonreactive without costimulatory molecule. B cells also become anergic, but tolerance is less complete than in T cells.
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After exposure to _____ patients are given preformed antibodies (passive)
- "To Be Healed Rapidly”
- After exposure to Tetanus toxin, Botulinum toxin, HBV, or Rabies virus, patients are given preformed antibodies (passive)
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Live attenuated vaccine are
Measles, mumps,rubella, polio (Sabin),influenza (intranasal),varicella, yellow fever.
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Inactivated or killed vaccine are
Cholera, hepatitis A,polio (Salk), influenza(injection), rabies.
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Live attenuated vaccine induces
induces a cellular response.
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Inactivated or killed vaccine induce
Humoral immunity induced
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Arthus reaction
reaction—a local subacute antibodymediated hypersensitivity (type III) reaction. Intradermal injection of antigen induces antibodies, which form antigen-antibody complexes in the skin. Characterized by edema, necrosis, and activation of complement.
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Serum sickness
an immune complex disease (type III) in which antibodies to the foreign proteins are produced (takes 5 days).Immune complexes form and are deposited in membranes, where they fix complement (leads to tissue damage). More common than Arthus reaction.
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Anaphylaxis (e.g., bee sting, some food/drugallergies)
Type I Hypersensitivity disorders
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Allergic and atopic disorders (e.g., rhinitis, hayfever, eczema, hives, asthma)
Type I Hypersensitivity disorders
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Autoimmune hemolytic anemia HS?
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS: Pernicious anemia
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Erythroblastosis fetalis
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Acute hemolytic transfusion reactions
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Rheumatic fever
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Goodpasture syndrome
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Bullous pemphigoid
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Pemphigus vulgaris
Type II Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Polyarteritis nodosa
Type III Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
Type III Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Serum sickness
Type III Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Arthus reaction (e.g., swelling and inflammation following tetanus vaccine)
Type III Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS SLE
Type III Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Multiple sclerosis
Type IV Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Guillain-Barré syndrome
Type IV Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Graft-versus-host disease
Type IV Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS PPD (test for M. tuberculosis)
Type IV Hypersensitivity disorders
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HS Contact dermatitis (e.g., poison ivy, nickelallergy)
Type IV Hypersensitivity disorders
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Myasthenia gravis AUTO ANTIBODY
Anti-ACh receptor
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Goodpasture syndrome ab
Anti-basement membrane
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SLE, antiphospholipid syndrome ab
Anti-cardiolipin, lupus anticoagulant
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Limited scleroderma (CREST syndrome) ab
Anticentromere
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Pemphigus vulgaris ab
Anti-desmoglein
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SLE ab
Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith
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Type 1 diabetes mellitus ab
Anti-glutamate decarboxylase
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Bullous pemphigoid ab
Anti-hemidesmosome
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Drug-induced lupus ab
Antihistone
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Polymyositis, dermatomyositis ab
Anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, anti-Mi-2
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Hashimoto thyroiditis ab
Antimicrosomal, antithyroglobulin
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1° biliary cirrhosis ab
Antimitochondrial
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SLE, nonspecific ab
Antinuclear antibodies
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Scleroderma (diffuse) ab
Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)
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Autoimmune hepatitis ab
Anti-smooth muscle
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Sjögren syndrome ab
Anti-SSA, anti-SSB (anti-Ro, anti-La)
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Graves disease ab
Anti-TSH receptor
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Mixed connective tissue disease ab
Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)
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Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener) ab
c-ANCA (PR3-ANCA)
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Celiac disease ab
IgA antiendomysial, IgA anti-tissue transglutaminase
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Microscopic polyangiitis, Churg-Strauss syndrome ab
p-ANCA (MPO-ANCA)
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Rheumatoid arthritis ab
Rheumatoid factor (antibody, most commonlyIgM, specific to IgG Fc region), anti-CCP
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if no B-cell what bacterial infection?
- Bact: Encapsulated:(SHiNE SKiS)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilusinfluenzae type B,
- Neisseria meningitidis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Klebsiellapneumoniae, group B
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if no GRANULOCYTE what bacterial infection?
- Staphylococcus,
- Burkholderia cepacia,
- Serratia,
- Nocardia
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if no complement what bacterial infections?
Neisseria (nomembrane attackcomplex)
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if no T-cell what bacterial infection?
sepsis
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if no T-cell what viral infection?
CMV, EBV, JCV, VZVchronic infectionwith respiratory/GIviruses
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if no B-cell what viral infection?
Enteroviral encephalitis, poliovirus (live vaccine contraindicated)
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If no T-cells what fungal/parasites infections?
Candida, PCP
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If no B-cells what fungal/parasites infections?
GI giardiasis (no IgA)
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If no GRANULOCYTE what fungal/parasites infections?
Candida, Aspergillus
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SLE most specific ab?
Anti dsDNA and anti-smith
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which cytokine is involved w acute phase reaction?
IL-6 made by t-lymphocyte
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