The flashcards below were created by user
Firana
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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Last Glacial Maximum
The height of the last Ice Age, between 22,000 and 19,000 BCE
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Bølling/Allerød interstadial
warming period, 13,000BCE, weakened Ice Age
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Younger Dryas
- Period of renewed glacial conditions
- following Bølling/ Allerød
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Holocene
- Era following Pleistocene
- end of ice age, more consistent temp and rainfall, warmer
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Interglacial
Period of warmer, wetter climate between Ice Ages
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megafauna
Large mammal species of Late Pleistocene
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Eustatic Sea level rise
Rise in sea level from glacial melting
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Isostatic uplift
Rise of landmasses after ice sheets are removed
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Pollen zones
subdivisions used to classify regional environments based on pollen cores
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Sedentism
Permenant, year-round settlement
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Microliths
Small stone flakes inserted into wood or bone to make composite tools
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Natural selection
genetic change caused over time due to selective external pressures
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Unintentional selection
- Genetic/Morphological change within a species caused by accidental selection
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- ex: Wheat
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Domestication
Humans selecting species for beneficial traits
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Cultivation
Intentionally preparing and shaping something
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Agriculture
Commitment to domestication, cultivation and herding
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Social differentiation
creation of social roles and statuses marked by use of material
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Social complexity
Institutionalizing the increasing social differentiation
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Urbanization
Increased density and differentiation, pulling population and wealth into large centers
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State formation
Centralized political institution with ruling elite
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Mesolithic
- Period spanning the end of the last Ice Age to adoption of agriculture
- Microlithic tech
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Mesopotamia
- Region in the Tigris and Euphrates plains of Iraq
- Earliest development of cities and city states
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Nile Valley
- Early development of cities and states
- rivaled mesopotamia
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Harappan Culture
Early state society, located along Indus and Ghaggar-Hakra river valleys
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China
Region where early development of city and states
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Teotihuacan
- Early city-state
- Basin of Mexico
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Maya
- Early city-state
- Guatemala
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Monte Alban
- Early city-state
- Oaxaca Valley, Mexico
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Angkor
- Southeast Asian city-state
- Cambodia
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Progressivist view
View that movement from hunting/gather -> farming ->states is evolutionary
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Oasis theory
Theory that increasing dryness pushed humans and animals into same enviroments, triggering agriculture
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Neolithic Revolution
Describes the origin and consequences of farming allowing development of village life
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Hilly flanks hypothesis
argues that farming originated in fertile crescent
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Evolution and Intentionality
Argues that agriculture is accidental from domestication or protection of resources
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Feasting hypothesis
Agriculture comes from a need to get food surplus, to gain wealth, to gain prestige/power
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Hydraulic hypothesis
explains rise of states and elites by saying increased food production lead to power
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Irrigation
Watering crops artificially
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Plowing
Cultivates land by digging it up
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Terracing
Agriculture technique that increases flat land
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