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The flashcards below were created by user
kderaad
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Quiz Topics
- DCAD diets
- Transition cow management
- Metabolic Diseases
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Amount of Dry Matter for Transition Cow
30lbs of dry matter
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Transition period
3 weeks before to 3 weeks after calving
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Two ways cow can get calcium into blood/system:
- metabolized from bones
- can inject from feed
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DCAD diet
- Dietary Cation Anion Diet
- Anion Feed is chlorine based
- Body produces Ca+ to cope with low pH
- Don't want BCS to change during Dry period
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Signs of Inadequate Transition Management
- High incidence of metabolic disorders
- Poor appetites, low dry matter intakes
- Acidosis problems (too much acid)
- Rapid loss of BCS in the first month post-calving
- Less milk per cow
- Broken cows are a hue cost
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Three keys to transition period
- 1. Encourage Feed Intake
- 2. Minimize Stress
- 3. Minimize Infection Challenge
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To avoid problems with transition period
maintain dry matter intake during the final ten days prior to parturition
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Allelomimetic
- means they like to perform the same activity at the same time every day
- can be disrupted by overstocking
- Good stocking ratio=80-85% for close up
- 90% or less for milking cows
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Overcrowding leads to Antagonistic interactions between cows:
- Physical Interaction:
- -butting
- -pushing
- -fighting
- Non-physical interaction:
- -threatening behaviors
- -avoidance behaviors
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Overcrowding in close up pens leads to:
decrease in dry matter intake
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Feeding Close-up cows
- Goal is to minimize drop in DMI
- -DMI>30lbs for cows, 24lbs for heifers
- Close-up cows
- -Monitor DCAD diets measure urine pH
- -Monitor energy and proein
- -Feed 1500 IU/day of vitamin E
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Rumen Acidosis
Abrupt ration change to high grain diet may lead to a disaster because no lactic acid utilizing bacteria
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What do wet conditions cause
Mastitis and Metritis
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Milk Fever
- Low blood calcium at or near calving
- Imbalance between Calcium into and out of body
- Calcium needed for proper muscle function
- Intracellular Calcium
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Milk Fever Prevention
- Avoid excessive body condition
- Monitor calving pens closely
- Feed low potassium forages and balance for DCAD
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Milk Fever Treatment
- Acute Case: IV calcium
- -infuse over 30 minute period
- Subacute
- -oral or sub cutaneous gels, pastes
- -Vitamin D shot
- -Synthetic PTH (consult vet)
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Displaced Abomasum (DA)
- Left displaced abomasum assumes an abnormal position on left side of rumen between rumen and body well
- 50-80% will occur within 2 weeks post partum
- 90% occur within post partum
- Sounds like a basketball when flicking
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Preventing DA
- Feeding and management practices that prevent other post partum disorders reduce the risk of LDA.
- Dry Matter Intake as an LDA risk factor
- -lower rumen fill
- -Reduced F-C ratio is non-TMR herds
- Higher Forage Diets will reduce chances of DA
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DA Treatment
equipment used to flip abdomen
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Ketosis
- Happens after DA and Milk Fever
- Inadequate blood glucose
- Symptoms
- -Decreased feed intake
- -Lethargy or nervousness
- -Increased ketones in blood, urine, milk, breath(like nail polish)
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Preventing Ketosis
- minimize body fat mobilization
- -watch concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) as indicator of fat mobilization
- Provide rumen with propionate to make glucose
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SARA
Causes
- Sub acute Ruminal Acidosis
- Grain overload
- caused by ingestion of excessive quantities of highly fermentablecarbohydrates-> lactic acidosis
- Grains that contribute: most finely ground grains, brewers grains, distillers by-products
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Clinical signs of of SARA
- uncoordination
- weakness, depression
- anorexia
- Rumen stasis
- Abdominal pain
- -grunt , grind teeth
- Dehydration w/in 24h
- Diarrhea
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Prevention of SARA
- Avoid sudden, drastic dietary changes
- Regular quantities of ration at regular intervals
- Adequate roughages
- Ionophore products including Monensin(rumensin Lasalocid
- Buffers (sodium bicarbonate)
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