mb230 3-5

Home > Preview

The flashcards below were created by user studysuccess on FreezingBlue Flashcards.


  1. Define epidemiology
    the study of disease
  2. 2 types of transmissibility, and how they're contracted
    • 1)Direct: human to human (airborn/contact/fecal-oral etc)
    • 2)Indirect: human to nonhuman(water born, vector born, airborn)
  3. define Transmissibility
    Ability to be transmitted from one host to another.
  4. define Infection
    • 1) penetration of skin or mucosal barriers by microorganism.
    • 2) Growth or replication of the microorganism in or on the host.
  5. define Infectivity
    The minimal infective dose required to allow the organism to establish a population within a host.
  6. define high infectivity
    Only a small number of individual microbes required to establish infection within host.
  7. Define low infectivity
    requires a large number of individual microbes to establish infection within host.
  8. Define disease
    a detrimental change in health
  9. define non-infectous disease
    disease is NOT caused by pathogenic microbes or acellular entities or their products.
  10. Define infectious disease
    Disease caused by pathogenic microbes or acellular entities or their products.
  11. Define pathogenicity
    Define pathogenicityThe ability to a microbe to cause a detrimental change in health.
  12. define high pathogenicity
    (highly pathogenic) many/all infected hosts become diseased.
  13. Define low pathogenicity
    • (minimally pathogenic)
    • -few infected hosts become diseased.
  14. define no pathogenicity
    • (non-oathogenic or innocuous)
    • -no infected hosts become diseased. Colonization rather than infection.
  15. Virulence is often used interchangeably with what word outside this class
    pathogenicity
  16. define virulence
    the severity of pathogenicity
  17. what are virulence factors
    mechanisms, substances or other microbial components that contribute to severity of disease.
  18. 3 types of virulence factors:
    • 1) invasiveness
    • 2) virulence enzumes
    • 3) toxins
  19. Define invasiveness
    ability to spread from one tissue to another, e.g. infection spreads from skin to blood to brain.
  20. Define Invasiveness
    ability to spread from one tissue to another.
  21. define 
    Virulence Enzymes
    microbial enzymes with detrimental effects on body functions.
  22. define
    Toxins
    small molecules that cause a variety of detrimental effects on the body.
  23. What are the percentages for how or low pathogenicity
    • High: 70%
    • Low pathogenicity=30%
  24. define OUTBREAK:
    Occurrence of a health-related event in excess of the normal level or baseline for a population.
  25. define EPIDEMIC:
    Occurrence of a health-related event in excess of the normal expectancy or pattern for a population.
  26. what 2 things are true about epidemics from the slides:
    • 1) epidemica always involve outbreaks
    • 2) outbreaks aren't always epidemics
  27. define PANDEMIC:
    Spread of an epidemic to several countries (often worldwide), affecting many people.
  28. What are 3 differences between outbreaks and epidemics
    • 1) Epidemics are in excess of the normal pattern.
    • 2) outbreaks are in excess of the normal baseline.
    • 3) Epidemics always involve outbreaks, but outbreaks aren't always epidemics.
  29. Endemic
    permanence of disease in a defined geographic area or population group.
  30. -disease is always present
    -disease happens constantly in regular intervals
    -disease is always present and happens constantly
    These are descriptions of an
    endemic
  31. define RESERVOIR:
    Organism or location where the pathogen is commonly found.
  32. which is the Reservoir:
    Rats infected with Yersinia pestis do not develop disease. Humans infected develop plague. 
    Bats infected with Rabies Virus do not develop disease. Humans develop rabies.
    Rats and bats
  33. hospital acquired MRSA Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus only infects humans, and humans are the source. What's the reservoir
    Humans duh.

Card Set Information

Author:
 studysuccess
ID:
 294927
Filename:
 mb230 3-5
Updated:
 2015-02-14 04:14:46
Tags:
mb230
Folders:
mb 230 3-5 epidemiology
Description:
mb230 3-5 epidemiology
Show Answers:

What would you like to do?

Home > Flashcards > Print Preview