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Active Voice
Indicates the relation of the action of the verb to the subject of the clause/sentence.
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Allegory
A symbolic representation.
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Alliteration
The repetition of consonants at the beginning of words.
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Allusion
- An indirect reference.
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- A reference to a person, place, or literary work that the writer expects the read to recognize and respond to.
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Analogy
Comparing two situations (people or object) with a resemblance.
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Antagonist
A character that opposes the protagonist.
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Anti-Climax
A break in the final climax for a humorous effect.
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Anti-Thesis
A device by which two contrasting ideas are juxtaposed.
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Apostrophe
Something non-human is addressed directly.
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Argumentative Essay
A writing that requires the student to investigate a topic, generate and evaluate evidence, and establish a position on the topic in a concise manner
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Anecdotal Evidence
Usually relate to how certain types of evidence cannot be used to logically conclude something.
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Archaic Language
Language belonging to an earlier time and generally no longer in use.
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Aside
An actor's speech directed to the audience.
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Assonance
The repetition of similar vowel sounds.
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Atmosphere
The mood or feeling of the story.
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Audience
A group of people listening/watching.
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Autobiography
The description of a life written by the person who has lived it.
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Ballad
A narrative folk song.
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Ballad Stanza
A four-line stanza consisting of unrhymed first+third lines.
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Bias
The author manipulates evidence in a argument.
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Biography
A life written by another person.
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Blank Verse
Unrhymed iambic pentameter.
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Cacophony
Words/phrases with strong+harsh sounds.
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Caricature
A character's features that are over exaggerated.
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Case Study
A detailed analysis of an individual or group.
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Catastrophe
The final disaster of a tragedy; a tragic denouement of a play/story.
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Cause and Effect
Explaining why that happened.
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Character
A person who is responsible for the thoughts+actions.
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Characterization
The writer reveals the personality of a character.
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Character Foil
A character that contrasts another character.
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Chorus
A group of actors who all speak the same word(s) at the same time.
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Chronological Order
Arranging events in the order in which the events occurred.
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Cliche
An overused expression.
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Climactic Order
Ideas arranged in the order of the least to most important.
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Climax
The most intense/exciting point of something.
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Colloquialism
An informal expression characteristic of speech.
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Colloquial Language
The language, words and phrases used in casual situations, as opposed to formal language.
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Comic Relief
A humorous scene after some serious or tragic moments.
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Compare and Contrast
Similarities and differences of two or more things.
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Comparison
Similarities of two or more things.
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Conflict
The opposition between two people, person and environment, or person and nature.
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Connotation
The meaning a word suggests or implies.
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Consonance
- The repetition of consonants before and after differing vowels.
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- The repetition of consonants at the end of words.
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Contrast
The juxtaposition of opposed ideas.
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Couplet
A pair of lines with rhyming ends.
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Denotation
The direct meaning or set of meanings of a word or expression
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Denouement
The final resolution of the characters of a plot, as of a drama or novel
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Descriptive Essay
A genre of essay that asks the student to describe something—object, person, place, experience, emotion, situation, etc.
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Dialect
The language used by the people of a specific area, class, district or any other group of people.
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Dialogue
A literary technique in which writers employ two or more characters to be engaged in conversation with each other.
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Diary
A form of autobiographical writing, a regularly kept record of the diarist’s activities and reflections.
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Diction
- A style of speaking
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- Writing determined by the choice of words by a speaker or a writer
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Didactic
Refers to a particular philosophy in art and literature that emphasizes the idea that different forms of art and literature ought to convey information and instructions along with pleasure and entertainment.
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Dilemma
A situation requiring a choice between equally undesirable alternatives
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Direct Presentation
In direct presentation, a character is described by the author, the narrator or the other characters of the story.
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Dissonance
A harsh combination of sounds
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Drama
Story involving conflict or contrast of character, especially one intended to be acted on the stage; a play
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Dramatic Irony
The expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically humor that's only understood by the audience and not the characters of the play
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Dramatic Monologue
A poem in the form of a speech or narrative by an imagined person, in which the speaker inadvertently reveals aspects of their character while describing a particular situation or series of events.
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Dramatic Form
The way that the story is told, the way the characters play their parts, and/or the way the themes are explored
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Dynamic Character
Someone who undergoes an important, internal change because of the action in the plot
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Editorial
An article in a newspaper or other periodical or on a website presenting the opinion of the publisher, writer, or editor
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Elegy
A poem or song in the form of elegiac couplets, written in honor of someone deceased
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Emotional Appeal
A method of persuasion that's designed to create an emotional response
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Epic
A long poem narrating the deeds and adventures of heroic or legendary figures or the history of a nation
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Epilogue
A concluding part added to a literary work.
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Epiphany
That moment in the story where a character achieves realization, awareness or a feeling of knowledge after which events are seen through the prism of this new light in the story
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Epigram
A rhetorical device that is a memorable, brief, interesting and surprising satirical statement
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Epitaph
An inscription of a brief composition, having figurative sense in a verse or in prose form, written to pay tribute to a deceased person, or to remember a past event on a grave.
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Euphemism
Polite, indirect expressions which replace words and phrases considered harsh and impolite or which suggest something unpleasant
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Euphony
The use of words and phrases that are distinguished as having a wide range of noteworthy melody or loveliness in the sounds they create.
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Expert Testimony
An opinion given by a person highly educated in a topic.
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Exposition
A literary device used to introduce background information about events, settings, characters etc. to the audience or readers
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Expository Essay
A simple essay usually factual and written without emotion.
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Extended Metaphor
A metaphor that is extended through a stanza or an entire poem, often by multiple comparisons of unlike objects or ideas.
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External Conflict
A struggle between two opposing characters or forces
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Fable
A short tale with animal characters that teaches a moral lesson
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Falling Action
The action that occurs after the climax of a work of literature
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Fantasy
Literature that contains characters and a plot involving magic and invented characters.
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Farce
A light humorous play.
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Figurative Language
Language that contains many poetic devices; a way of saying something other than the literal meaning of words.
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First-Person Point of View
A POV in which a character directly narrates from their own point of view; uses "I" or "we" to narrate.
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Flashback
The presentation of a scene that takes place before the present in a work of literature.
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Flat Character
A minor character who has little depth of personality.
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Foil
A character that contrasts with and reveals various aspects of the main character's personality.
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Foreshadowing
A hint to upcoming events
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Form
The structure of a piece of writing.
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Formal Essay
An essay that uses academic language, logical organization, and serious purpose.
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Formal Language
The use of "high" language or dialect in preference to "low" language or dialect; academic language
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Frame Story
A secondary story or stories embedded in the main story. (A shorter story within a story)
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Free Verse
A poem that has no limitations in its use of meter or rhyme.
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