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The flashcards below were created by user
cjensen20
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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What retinal cells undergo a graded potential?
- Bipolar cells
- Photoreceptor cells
- Horizontal cells
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What does Tay Sach's disease present in the retina?
Cherry Red macula
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What do emboli do in the retinal vessels?
Cause CRAO, BRAO
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What do thrombi do in the retinal vessels?
cause CRVO, BRVO
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What is the most common retinal vascular occlusive disease?
BRVO
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What retinal vascular disorder are Hollenhorst plaques seen?
BRAO
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What is associated with snowflake cataracts?
Uncontrolled DM
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What is the 4-2-1 rule?
- For severe NPDR
- Severe heme in 4 quadrant
- Venous beading in 2 quadrant
- IRMA in 1 quadrant
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What is the prognosis for severe NPDR?
Within one year 90% chance it will become PDR
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What are the criteria for CSME?
- Retinal thickening within 500um of fovea (1/3 DD)
- HE within 500um
- Retinal thickening of at least 1DD within 1 DD of fovea
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What stage of hypertensive retinopathy do flame hemes typically present?
Stage 3
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What are the findings in stage 4 hypertensive retinopathy?
- Bp 140/110+
- Macular star
- Papilledema
- Elsching spots
- Silver wire
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What findings are associated with ocular ischemic syndrome?
- Gradual vision loss
- Periorbital pain
- Amaurosis fugax
- Unilateral DBH
- NVD, NVI
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What are typical sources of ocular ischemic syndrome?
- Carotid/ophthalmic artery occlusion
- GCA
- HTN
- DM
- Cardiac disease
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What form of idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasia has the worst prognosis?
When It is bilateral and acquired
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What is coat's disease?
Unilateral telangiectatic dilated vessels with light bulb appearance
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What signs are associated with coat's disease?
- Unilateral telangiectatic dilated vessels with light bulb appearance
- Marked HE
- Intraretinal heme
- Exudative RD
- NVG
- Leukocoria
- Strab
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What part of the retina is last to develop and causes most problems in prematurity?
Anterior temp
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What are the risk factors for wet AMD?
- Soft confluent drusen
- Focal hyperpigmentation
- HTN
- Smoking
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What are other diverse complications of high myopia?
- Posterior staphylomas
- Fuch's spots
- Lacquer cracks
- Macular holes
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What is the most common retinal dystrophy?
RP
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What is usher's syndrome
RP + hearing loss
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What is the common triad for RP?
- Bone-spicule pigmentation
- Arteriolar attenuation
- Waxy optic disc pallor
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What are typical signs of stargardt's disease?
- Rapid vision loss
- Pisciform yellow flecks
- RPE mottling
- Beaten bronze macular pattern
- Bull's eye maculopathy
- Sat and pepper fundus
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How is choroideremia genetically passed on?
x- linked
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what are differential diagnoses for bull's eye maculopathy?
- Stargardt's
- Progressive cone dystrophy
- Chloroquine toxicity
- Hydroxychloroquine toxicity
- Thioridazine toxicity
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What is the other name for best's disease?
Vitelliform dystrophy
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What electric signals testing is found in Best's disease?
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Where is lattice degeneration typically found?
- Bilaterally
- Temporally and superior
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Retinoschisis occurs in what retinal layer?
- Outer plexiform layer
- Infro temporal
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What diseases cause angioid streaks?
- PEPSI
- Pseudoxanthoma elasticum
- Ehlers-danlos syndrome
- Paget's disease
- Sickle-cell disease
- Idiopathic
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What are asteroid hyalosis made of?
Calcium-phosphate soaps
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What are synchysis scintillans made of?
Golden-brown cholesterol crystals
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