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attachment
special social-emotional bond which occurs between individuals, often used to describe the connection of a parent & child
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contributing causes
when examining causation these factors are neither necessary or sufficient but can contribute to the onset of a disorder
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developmental tasks
cultural age-expectations that are applied to young people
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differential susceptibility hypothesis
theory that proposes that reactivity is linked to a more general sensitivity to environmental context
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direct effect
when a variable leads directly to an outcome with no influence from other variables
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disorganized attachment
a type of attachment which may be indicative of mistreatment or poor parenting, reflects the lack of a consistent strategy to organize behavior under stressful situations
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developmental psychopathology perspective
method of studying psychological disorders that integrates the understanding & study of normal developmental processed with those of child & adolescent psychopathology
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development
change over the lifespan that results from ongoing transactions of an individual with biological, psychological, & sociocultural variables which themselves are perpetually changing
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emotion
bodily reaction that reflects mood, temperament, personality & temperament as well as biological factors
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equifinality
the same outcome being derived from various & diverse factors
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goodness-of-fit
degree to which an individuals attributes or behaviors match or fit the attributes or demands of the individuals environment
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homotypic continuity
relative stability of the expression of a disorder or problem over time
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heterotypic continuity
change in the expression of a disorder or problem over time and with development
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inhibition
dimension of temperament which describes a child's response to new persons or situations
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interactional models
representation or description of psychopathology that bases outcomes of development on the interactions of multiple variables
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indirect effect
when a variable influences one or more other variables, eventually leading to the outcome
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insecure attachment
does not utilize the other individual as a source of security or a resource to deal with stress
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moderator
variable that influences the direction or the strength of the relationship between an independent variable & a dependent variable
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multifinality
concept that the same factor may lead to various outcomes
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medical model
simplistic explanation for disorders suggesting that abnormality stems from one root biological cause
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mediator
factor or variable that explains or brings about an outcome, more specifically, by indirect means
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negative reactivity
dimension of temperament referring to emotional volatility & irritability
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necessary cause
when examining causation, this is the factor which must be present
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paradigm
shared perspective or framework consisting of a set of assumptions & conceptions that guide the work of a group of scientists
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resilience
ability to overcome adversities or risk factors & function adaptively despite negative circumstances
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risks
degree to which variables (risk factors( operate to increase the chance of behavioral problems
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secure attachment
reaffirms bonds after separation & utilizes the other as a secure base to set forth & explore
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self-regulation
dimension of temperament referring to processes that facilitate or hinder reactivity
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social cognitive processing
how individuals take in, understand & interpret social situations & how behavior is then affected
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sufficient cause
when examining causation this is the factor which can, in & of itself, be responsible for the disorder
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systems models
representation or description of psychopathology & development that incorporates several levels interacting or enter into ongoing transactions with each other over time
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theory
an integrated set of propositions that explains phenomena & guides research
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transactional models
representation or description of psychopathology with the basic assumption that development is the result of ongoing, reciprocal transactions between the individual & the environmental context
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temperament
basic disposition or make up
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vulerability
inborn or acquired tendencies to respond in a maladaptive manner to life circumstances
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vulnerability stress model
representation or description of psychopathology that bases outcomes of development on the combination of vulnerability & stress
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