adnexa lids orbit lacrimal NBEO.txt

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What is the muscle of horner?

Lacrimal part of the orbicularis oculi
What does the muscle of horner do?

Assists in moving tears into nasolacrimal drainage system
What is the muscle of Riolan?

Ciliary part of the orbicularis oculi
What does the muscle of Riolan do?

Maintains lid margins close to the globe
How does horner's syndrome work on the muscle of Riolan?

Lack of sympathetic innervation causes reverse ptosis of lower lid
What does paralysis of orbicularis oculi cause?

Ectropion
How is the orbicularis oculi innervated?
- Palpebral portion CN7
- Orbital portion CN3
What is the antagonist muscle of the palpebral portion of the orbicularis oculi?

Levator
From where does the superior palpebral levator originate?

Lesser wing of the sphenoid
How many nuclei are there for the superior palpebral levators?

1 sub nucleus that controls both levators
What does the superior transverse ligament do?

Acts as a fulcrum
Where is the superior transverse ligament located?

Where levator muscle ends and aponeurosis begins
What does the levator aponeurosis do?

Creates a palpebral sulcus
How is the tarsal muscle of muller innervated?
- Sympathetic
- A2 receptors
What does the tarsal muscle of muller do?

Provides additional 2mm of lid elevation
What 2 muscles can cause ptosis?
- Levator, bigger ptosis
- Muller's muscle, small ptosis
What is the site of internal hordeolum?

Meibomian glands
What do the glands of Zeiss secrete?

Sebaceous sebum into eyelash follicle
What is the site of an external hordeolum?

Glands of Zeiss
What do the glands of Moll do?
- Modified sweat glands
- Associated with immune defense of lash and shaft
What do the meibomian glands do?

Secrete lipid portion of tears
How is the lacrimal gland innervated?
- CN5 V1 Ophthalmic
- Vasomotor = sympathetic
- Secretomotor = parasympathetic
Where is the source of dacryoadenitis?

Lacrimal gland
What are the accessory lacrimal glands?

Krause and Wolfring
Where are the glands of Krause located?

Stroma of conjunctival fornix
Where are the glands of Wolfring located?

Along orbital tarsal plate
What glands are sebaceous (lipid)?
- Meibomian
- Zeiss
- Moll
What glands are aqueous?
- Lacrimal
- Krause
- Wolfring
What glands produce mucin?

Goblet cells
Where is the source of concretions?

Goblet cells
What innervates the sensory portion of the upper lids?
- Supraorbital
- Supratrochlear
- Infratrochlear
- Lacrimal nerves
- V1 ophthalmic
What innervates the sensory portion of the lower lids?
- Infratrochlear
- Infraorbital
- V2 Maxillary
What is the arterial supply of the eyelids?
- Internal carotid = deeper eyelid tissue
- External carotid = superficial eyelid tissue
What muscle helps to pump tears into the lacrimal sac?

Muscle of Horner
What muscle helps create negative pressure to suck tears into sack?

Preseptal orbicularis
What bacterium is a common culprit of canaliculitis?

Actinomyces israelii
What are the major functions of tears?
- Optical
- Nutritional
- Mechanical
- Antibacterial
- Buffer
What antibacterial products are found within the tears?
- Lysozymes
- Lactoferrin
- IgA
Where is the largest change in refractive index found?

Tear layer
A deficiency of what causes Bitot's Spots?

All-trans retinol, derived from Vitamin A
What are Bitot's spots?

Foamy keratin on conjunctivitis / cornea
What innervates for reflex tearing?

Parasympathetic
What innervates for the dazzle reflex blinking?

CN2
What muscle is responsible for spontaneous blinking?

Palpebral portion of orbicularis oculi
What causes reflex blinking?
- Auditory CN8
- Touch / irritation=CN5 sensory, CN7 motor
- Dazzle CN2
- Menace CN2
What is bell's phenomemon?

Eyes go up and out on lid closure for protective purposes
What is Mullers muscle located in relation to the levator?

Mullers is directly posterior to levator
Where is the Obicularis Oculi muscle located in relation to the orbital septum?

The Obicularis Oculi is located directly anterior to the orbital septum
Where is the orbital septum located in relation to the levator?

The orbital septum is directly anterior to the levator
Where is the tarsal plate located in relation to Mullers muscle?

The tarsal plate is located directly posterior to Muller's muscle
What muscles cause forced blinking?

Palpebral and orbital portions of obicularis oculi

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cjensen20

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adnexa lids orbit lacrimal NBEO.txt

Description

adnexa lids orbit lacrimal NBEO optometry

Updated

2015-07-17T12:10:42Z

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