BIBC 120 Metabolism

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brief outline of glucose metabolism

glucose > glucose 6 phosphate > [glycolysis] > pyruvate > [PDH complex] > acetyl CoA > [citric acid cycle] > energy
What happens to amino acids when energy is needed?
- 1. Amino acids > [oxidation] > ATP
- 2. Amino acids > [gluconeogenesis] > glucose > ATP
Where do amino acids get converted into glucose?

liver
What happens to amino acids when protein and energy needs have been met?

Amino acids get converted to fatty acids and stored in adipose tissue
What is the intermediate of the citric acid cycle that ties into gluconeogenesis?

oxaloacetate
Amino acid + α-keto acid -->

glutamate + α-keto acid
water + glutamate -->

ammonia + α-ketoglutarate
What happens to ammonia?

ammonia > urea cycle > urea > excreted in urine
order the lipoproteins from lowest to highest density

chylomicron, VLDL, IDL, LDL, HDL
What is the difference between low-density and high-density lipoproteins?

low-density has more triglycerides and high-density has more proteins
kcal per gram of carbohydrates

4 kcal
kcal per gram of fatty acids

9 kcal
kcal per gram of protein

4 kcal
ATP per 6-carbon glucose

30-32 ATP per glucose (5.3 ATP per carbon)
ATP per 16-carbon saturated fatty acid

106 ATP (6.6 ATP per carbon)
ATP per amino acid

varies