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speedy1joker
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What is the self?
a person's personality or nature of which that person is aware
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What is self-concept?
a person's conscious, cognitive perception and evaluation of himself; one's thoughts and opinions about oneself
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What is self-esteem?
a person's impression or opinion of himself or herself
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What is proprium?
the self-identity that is developing in time
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What is ideal self?
the kind of person an individual would like to be
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What are the possible selves?
the different selves we envision ourselves becoming
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What are the hoped-for-selves?
the people we hope to be in the future
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What are the expected selves?
the people we think we will likely be in the future
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What are the feared selves?
the people we are afraid of becoming in the future
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What is the self-enhancement thesis?
an explanation for delinquency based on the need for troubled youths to enhance their self-esteem
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What is role strain?
the stress individuals experience when they are faced with competing demands and expectations
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What is narcissism?
the trait of being excessively vain and self-absorbed
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What is identity diffused?
according to Marcia, those adolescents who have not experienced a crisis and explored meaningful alternatives or made any commitments in finding an acceptable identity
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What is foreclosure?
according to Marcia, establishing an identity without search or exploration, usually according to what has been handed down by parents
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What is negative identity?
an identity based on rejecting parental and societal values
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What is moratorium?
according to Marcia, a period of time in the life of adolescents who are involved in a continual crisis, who continue to search for an identity, and who have not made any commitments
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What is identity achieved?
according to Marcia, those adolescents who have undergone a crisis in their search for an identity and who have made a commitment
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What is the identity control system?
a construct that describes the process of developing an identity
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What are identity standards?
one's beliefs about how one should behave
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What is comparator?
the component of the identity control system that compares one's self-concept with one's identity standards
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What is blended biculturalism?
the state in which one finds the commonalities between one's ethnic and mainstream identities
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What is alternating biculturalism?
the state in which one vacillates between following one's ethnic beliefs and those of the societal mainstream
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What is fusion?
the state in which one has merged one's ethnic traditions and those of the cultural mainstream into a new whole
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What is sex?
one's biological endowment as a male or a female
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What is gender?
the psychological/sociological construct of what is means to be a man or woman
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What is the gender schema theory?
a revised cognitive-developmental approach to gender that emphasizes the effects of labeling, attention, and interest in developing gender beliefs
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What are gender roles?
the behaviors that are supposedly characteristic of men and women
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What is masculine?
having the personality and behavioral characteristics of a male according to culturally defined standards of maleness
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What is feminine?
having the personality and behavior characteristics of a female according to culturally defined standards of femaleness
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What is identification?
the process by which an individual ascribes to himself or herself the characteristics of another person
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What is androgyny?
a blending of male and female characteristics and roles
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What is the gender intensification hypothesis?
the proposal that adolescents feel more pressure than children to behave in gender-stereotypical ways
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