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tectonic plates
secton of earth's crust that slowly moves relative to other plates
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supercontinent
very large land mass
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plate tectonics
the theory that explains how changes to the earth's surface occur at tectonic plate boudaries
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igneous rock
rock formed by the solidification of molten magma or lava
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sediment
particles of rock
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sedimentary rock
rock formed from layers of sediment compressed over hundreds of years
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eroded
the wearing away of rock or other surface matter such as soil
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dissolved
to be soluble in water
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evaporate
turn from a liquid to a gas, such as water evaporates to form water vapour
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hazard
the actual problem
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Alkali
A base which is dissolved in water. Releases hydroxide ions and has a pH >7.
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indicator
usually a weak organic acid with strongly coloured acid and base forms
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litmus paper
blue for alkali, red for acid
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salt
a chemical compound formed from an acid when an H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion, such as the ammonium ion.
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acid
substance which produces H+ ion when we add it to water
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Neutralisation
A chemical reaction that occurs when an acid is added to a base and a salt and water are formed.
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Electrolyte
A substance that produces ions when dissolved in water; its solution conducts electricity.
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electrolysis
the chemichal change caused by passing an electric current through a compound which is either molten or in solution
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anode
the positive electrode, attracts chlorine
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cathode
negative electrode
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electrode
the point in an electrochemical cell at which reduction or oxidation occurs
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PVC
a type of polymer (polyvinylchloride)
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plasticiser
a substance used to soften plastics and increse flexibility
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leaching
the loss of PVC into the environment
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life cycle assessment
an analysis of the environmental impact of a product, including the production of raw materials, its manufacture, packing, transport, use and disposal
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