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Johnemt
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What is functional Specialization?
- the different neuro pathways and different areas of the brain are specialized for specific kinds of information.
- such as color, texture, motion, and depth.
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What is retinotopic mapping?
the arrangement of neurons in the visual system that are consistent from the retina to the visual areas of the brain
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What part of the brain modifies information(top-down processing) and 90 percent of information passes through?
Lateral Geniculate nucleus (LGN)
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What are the three layers of the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus?
- Magnocellular layers
- Parvocellular Layers
- Koniocellular Layers
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Which Layer of the LGN has dynamic visual properties; motion and flicker, and receives signals from the parasol retinal ganglion cells?
Magnocellular layers
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Which layer of the LGN is in charge of static visual properties; color, texture, form and depth? Also receiving signals from midget retinal ganglion cells?
parvocellular layers
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Which layer of the LGN is inconclusive? and might be associated with color and receives signals from bistratified retinal ganglion cells?
Koniocellular layers
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Who did visual experiments on monkeys in regarding magnocellular layers and parvocellular layers?
Schiller and Logothetis
- if 90 percent of neural signal goes to the LGN where does the other 10 go?
- Superior Coliculus
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Where is the V1 (primary visual cortex) located?
occipital lobes
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What is concerned with recognizing objects by their position and the orientation of their edges?
- V1
- concerned with the “what”
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Who accidentally discovered things related to the V1
Hubel and Wiesel
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Which cells respond best to bars of light stimuli with a particular orientation and location on the retina ?
- Simple cells
- has a preffered orientation to edges
- simple cells are affected by orientation and luminance contrast.
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Which cell is the most abundant cell type in the visual cortex?
Complex Cells
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Which cell is most tuned for orientation and luminance contrast DOES NOT matter?
Complex cells
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Which Column in the V1 only receives signals from the left eye or right eye only, not both?
Ocular Dominance column
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Which column varies across a range of preferred orientations and changes color of dye when neural activity is present?
Orientation column
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Which Cell sends signals to the 4ca (sideways a) of V1?
- Magnocellular Cells
- thick bands of the v2
- information about movement/spatial location
- the sideways “a” is a symbol.
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Which Cells send signals to the 4cb of V1?
- Parvocellular cells
- thin bands of v2
- information about form and color
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Which pathway goes goes in this order: V1 > V2 > MT > Parietal Cortex, and represents properties related to an object’s motion or location?
- Dorsal pathway
- also known as the “where/how” pathway
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Which pathway goes in this order: V1 > V2 > V4 > inferotemperal cortex, and represents information related to an object’s identity, color, and shape?
- Ventral Pathway
- also known as the “what” pathway
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Look up Ungerleider and Mishkin (1982)
- has to do with lesions in the brain that focus on landmark tasks vs. object tasks.
- “where” vs. “what” tasks.
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What is Visual Agnosia?
- cannot recognize objects
- could reach and grasp objects
- could not determine orientation(shape perception)
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What is Optic Ataxia?
unable to guide an object through a hole in the right orientation
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What is Lateral Intraparietal (LIP)?
- eye movement of target/shifts in attention
- “seeing a cup from the corner of your eye and turning to focus on it”
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Which parts of the parietal lobe is activated to increase activity for reaching in a particular direction?
Anterior Intraparietal(LIP) and Medial Intraparietal(MIP)
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Which part of the brain is in charge of visually guiding attention, part of the parietal lobe and the dorsal pathway?
Intraparietal sulcus
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