-
Congress of Vienna
Series of meeting began in 1814 to stabilize and redesign Europe after the defeat of Napoleon
- Klemens von Metternich
- the Austrian foreign minister who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna; claimed that he was guided by the principle of legitimacy, which is to restore legitimate monarchs to reestablish peace and stability
-
The Berlin Conference on Africa
Meeting in Berlin, called by Bismarck to regulate European colonization of Africa - led to the scramble for Africa.
-
Reactionary
extremists who not only oppose change, but generally would like to turn the clock back to the way things were before
-
Status Quo
keeping things at the original state, opposing change
-
Conservative
a dislike to change, keeping things the same
-
Old Regime
The old way of living in France; The political and social system that existed in France before the Revolution of 1789.
-
Bourbon Line
french monarchy that ended with Charles X
-
-
“When France sneezes all of Europe catches a cold”
Metternich said this
-
Rotten Borough
underpopulated boroughs were over represented in parliament
-
Franco-Prussian War
3rd conflict that Bismarck instigates for South German kingdoms, fakes letter
-
Camillo Cavour
Italian Unification (North)
-
Italian Unification
2 personalities work together to form constitutional monarchy
-
Otto Von Bismarck
Appointed chief minister of Prussia, planned to unite Germany by “Blood and Iron” (Nationalism and Industry), real politik
-
German Unification
United German Kingdoms with 3 wars against Denmark, Austria, and France
-
Dreyfus Affair
Alfred Dreyfus was a jewish army man framed for treason
-
Louis Napoleon III
elected by plebiscite; He gave his country two decades of prosperity under a stable, authoritarian government but finally led it to defeat in the Franco-German War (1870–71).
-
Victor Emmanuel II
New constitutional monarch in Italy after unification
-
Emile Zola
writer who defended Dreyfus; wrote his famous “J’accuse” (I accuse)
-
Kulturkampf
Bismarck’s war against catholic church, fails
-
Scientific Socialism
references Marx, crunches data on how society functions
-
Carlsbad Decrees
Metternich censored German universities
-
Frankfurt Assembly
Prepared a democratic constitution, proclaimed a united Germany, offered the position of emperor to the King Prussia; he rejected the offer which meant the end of this assembly, the way was now open for unity under autocratic means
-
Zollverein
a customs union granting free trade amongst German kingdoms between member states but maintained high tariffs against non-members. This promoted economic unity.
-
Corn Laws
England banned grain imports
-
Utopian Socialism
to get rid of capitalist aspects of society
-
Robert Owen
Utopian Socialist, the major British contributor to the early socialist tradition, he established a cotton factory in New Lanark and treated his employees well and with respect, he believed they would perform better if they were in good spirits.
-
Charles Fourier
female emancipation, utopian socialism, coined the term “feminist”
-
Realpolitik
Power politics, used by Cavour and Bismarck
-
Giuseppe Garibaldi
the red shirts, southern italy
-
Giuseppe Mazzini
inspiration for unification
-
Hohenzollerns
Prussian nobility
-
Romanovs
Russian nobility
-
Junkers
Prussia's landowning nobility. The junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in exchange for absolute power over their serfs.
-
Naples
southern part that Garibaldi frees from influence (mostly Spanish)
-
Sardinia-Piedmont
led the Italian unification
-
Papal States
The area within Italy where the pope resided. Remained separate only because they were protected by French troops, who eventually withdrew in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. Italian troops entered Rome on September 20, 1870; after a plebiscite in October of that year, it became the capital of Italy. The Papal States had finally come to an end.
-
Prussia
German Kingdom that became a military power in the 18th century and in 1871 led the formation of the German Empire
-
Blood and Iron
Bismarck’s idea of unifying Germany
-
Liberalism
seeking change
-
Nationalism
devout patriotism towards ones own country; the second radical idea in the years after 1815- and was destined to have an influence on the modern world.
-
New Imperialism
Europeans will take complete of the interior of Africa and Asia, White Man’s Burden. quest for national resources and markets
-
Scramble for Africa
Europe dominated and broke up Africa
-
Berlin Conference
Determined that Europe should evenly break up Africa
-
White Man’s Burden
Europeans had a duty to colonize and “Help” the Africans, a poem by Rudyard Kipling
-
Labor Aristocracy
the highest class of the working class, the factory managers
-
Georges Haussmann
urban planner (reassigns paris)
-
Electric Streetcars
mass transit system, no congestion, allows growth
-
David Ricardo
David Ricardo is credited with formulating the "iron law of wages", which stated that due to population growth, wages would always sink back down to subsistence level.
-
Compromise of 1867
dual monarchy of Austrian-Hungarian Empire
-
Alexander II
Freed serfs from Russia
-
“Autocracy, Orthodoxy, and Nationalism”
Russia = narrow harsh rule people had to put up with
-
Sergei Witte
finance minister for Russia, trans siberian railroad
-
Bloody Sunday
Rebellion in Petersburg
-
Extraterritoriality
Treaty of Nanking = Chinese couldn’t do anything (only applied to Britain)... If a British person committed a crime against a chinese person in their Sphere, they wouldn’t be punished
-
Louis Blanc
championed the National workshop, candidate for election
-
Emmeline Pankhurst
leader of Women’s movement, led to female suffrage in Britain
-
Auguste Rodin
sculpted “The Thinker”
-
Boer War
British and Dutch war for Africa
-
Schleswig and Holstein
territory gained by Germany during the Danish (denmark) war
-
Henry Bessemer
created oven hot enough to form steel
-
Paris Commune
group influence and revolution riots
-
Louis Sullivan
american architect, father of skyscrapers
-
Edward Jenner
scientist who solved smallpox and made a vaccination
-
Carbonari
Italian policemen
-
Impressionism to Post Impressionism
Retained the Impressionist emphasis on light and color but revolutionized it even further by paying more attention to structure and form.
-
Expressionism
Post Impressionism, characterized by fascination of form opposed to light, Vincent van Gogh
-
-
Victor Hugo
Hunchback of Notre Dame
-
Alexandre Dumas
Symphonic Fantastique
-
Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm
folk stories that became fairy tales
-
Eugene Delacroix
Liberty leading the people
-
Joseph MW Turner and John Constable
England’s most notable romantic painters
-
Immanuel Kant
Critique of Pure Reason
-
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Faust (devil)
-
Hector Berlioz
The Three Musketeers
-
Giuseppe Verdi
Aida, Rigoletto and La Traviatta
-
Rousseau
most influential forerunner of the romantic era
-
England and Germany
most fully realized example of romanticism
-
History
where romanticism studied the greatest
-
Music
where romanticism was expressed the greatest
-
Franz Liszt
a “one in a million performer”
-
Water Lilies by Monet (Impressionism)
-
Starry Night by Van Gogh (post impressionism)
-
The thinker by August Rodin
-
Dancers by Degas (impressionism)
-
eugene delacroix liberty leading the people (romanticism)
|
|