19th Century Test

Series of meeting began in 1814 to stabilize and redesign Europe after the defeat of Napoleon

• Klemens von Metternich
• the Austrian foreign minister who was the leader of the Congress of Vienna; claimed that he was guided by the principle of legitimacy, which is to restore legitimate monarchs to reestablish peace and stability

Meeting in Berlin, called by Bismarck to regulate European colonization of Africa - led to the scramble for Africa.

extremists who not only oppose change, but generally would like to turn the clock back to the way things were before

keeping things at the original state, opposing change

a dislike to change, keeping things the same

The old way of living in France; The political and social system that existed in France before the Revolution of 1789.

french monarchy that ended with Charles X

Metternich said this

underpopulated boroughs were over represented in parliament

3rd conflict that Bismarck instigates for South German kingdoms, fakes letter

Italian Unification (North)

2 personalities work together to form constitutional monarchy

Appointed chief minister of Prussia, planned to unite Germany by “Blood and Iron” (Nationalism and Industry), real politik

United German Kingdoms with 3 wars against Denmark, Austria, and France

Alfred Dreyfus was a jewish army man framed for treason

elected by plebiscite; He gave his country two decades of prosperity under a stable, authoritarian government but finally led it to defeat in the Franco-German War (1870–71).

New constitutional monarch in Italy after unification

writer who defended Dreyfus; wrote his famous “J’accuse” (I accuse)

Bismarck’s war against catholic church, fails

references Marx, crunches data on how society functions

Metternich censored German universities

Prepared a democratic constitution, proclaimed a united Germany, offered the position of emperor to the King Prussia; he rejected the offer which meant the end of this assembly, the way was now open for unity under autocratic means

a customs union granting free trade amongst German kingdoms between member states but maintained high tariffs against non-members. This promoted economic unity.

England banned grain imports

to get rid of capitalist aspects of society

Utopian Socialist, the major British contributor to the early socialist tradition, he established a cotton factory in New Lanark and treated his employees well and with respect, he believed they would perform better if they were in good spirits.

female emancipation, utopian socialism, coined the term “feminist”

Power politics, used by Cavour and Bismarck

the red shirts, southern italy

inspiration for unification

Prussian nobility

Russian nobility

Prussia's landowning nobility. The junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in exchange for absolute power over their serfs.

southern part that Garibaldi frees from influence (mostly Spanish)

led the Italian unification

The area within Italy where the pope resided. Remained separate only because they were protected by French troops, who eventually withdrew in 1870 during the Franco-Prussian War. Italian troops entered Rome on September 20, 1870; after a plebiscite in October of that year, it became the capital of Italy. The Papal States had finally come to an end.

German Kingdom that became a military power in the 18th century and in 1871 led the formation of the German Empire

Bismarck’s idea of unifying Germany

seeking change

devout patriotism towards ones own country; the second radical idea in the years after 1815- and was destined to have an influence on the modern world.

Europeans will take complete of the interior of Africa and Asia, White Man’s Burden. quest for national resources and markets

Europe dominated and broke up Africa

Determined that Europe should evenly break up Africa

Europeans had a duty to colonize and “Help” the Africans, a poem by Rudyard Kipling

the highest class of the working class, the factory managers

urban planner (reassigns paris)

mass transit system, no congestion, allows growth

David Ricardo is credited with formulating the "iron law of wages", which stated that due to population growth, wages would always sink back down to subsistence level.

dual monarchy of Austrian-Hungarian Empire

Freed serfs from Russia

Russia = narrow harsh rule people had to put up with

finance minister for Russia, trans siberian railroad

Rebellion in Petersburg

Treaty of Nanking = Chinese couldn’t do anything (only applied to Britain)... If a British person committed a crime against a chinese person in their Sphere, they wouldn’t be punished

championed the National workshop, candidate for election

leader of Women’s movement, led to female suffrage in Britain

sculpted “The Thinker”

British and Dutch war for Africa

territory gained by Germany during the Danish (denmark) war

created oven hot enough to form steel

group influence and revolution riots

american architect, father of skyscrapers

scientist who solved smallpox and made a vaccination

Italian policemen

Retained the Impressionist emphasis on light and color but revolutionized it even further by paying more attention to structure and form.

Post Impressionism, characterized by fascination of form opposed to light, Vincent van Gogh

Ivanhoe

Hunchback of Notre Dame

Symphonic Fantastique

folk stories that became fairy tales

Liberty leading the people

England’s most notable romantic painters

Critique of Pure Reason

Faust (devil)

The Three Musketeers

Aida, Rigoletto and La Traviatta

most influential forerunner of the romantic era

most fully realized example of romanticism

where romanticism studied the greatest

where romanticism was expressed the greatest

a “one in a million performer”

Water Lilies by Monet (Impressionism)

Starry Night by Van Gogh (post impressionism)

The thinker by August Rodin

Dancers by Degas (impressionism)

eugene delacroix liberty leading the people (romanticism)