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Definition
- LMN lesion involving CN VII (facial nerve)
- Results in unilateral facial paralysis
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Etiology
- Acute inflammatory process of unknown etiology (viral or immune)
- Results in compression of nerve within temporal bone
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Characteristics
- Muscles of facial expression on one side are weakened or paralyzed
- Loss of control of salivation or lacrimation
- Onset = acute with maximum severity in a few hours or days
- Commonly preceded by a day or 2 of pain behind the ear
- Most recover fully in several weeks or months
- Sensation is normal
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Examine/Determine
- Drooping of corner of mouth
- Eyelids that don't close
- Function of muscles of facial expression (wrinkle forehead, raise eyebrows, down, smile, close eyes tightly, puff cheeks)
- Taste of ant 2/3 of tongue
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Medications
- Corticosteroids (prednisone)
- Anlagesics
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PT Goals, Outcomes, and Interventions
- Protect cornea (artificial tears or temporary patching) until recovery allows for eyelid closure
- E-stim to maintain tone, support function of facial muscles
- Provide active facial muscle exercises
- May require face sling to prevent over stretching of muscles
- Functional retraining = foods that can be easily eaten, chewing with opposite side
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