ChapterNine - Respiratory System (terms)

brings oxygen into the bloodstream, through which it is transported to all body cells

the process of providing cells with oxygen

The absence of carbon dioxide.

The absence of oxygen

The absence of voice

a longer-than-normal pause between breaths

abnormal slowing of breathing rhythm

a narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the tiny tubes known as bronchioles within the lungs

is a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing, and apnea.

the symptom of a hoarse voice

difficulty breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder

normal breathing rhythm

a nosebleed. can be a sign of high blood pressure, a nasal sinus infection, inhalation of a toxic irritant or particle, or a blow to the face. It is also called a "rhinorrhagia" - abnormal discharge of nose

the symptom of coughing and spitting up blood.

Chest blood. It is the pooling of blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs

excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood

The sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing

Abnormally shallow breathing

a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body's gas exchange demands

Accelerated breathing rhythm

a respiratory deficiency in which the oxygen levels in the blood are abnormally low

the sign of low levels of oxygen throughout the body

the closure of the glottis, the opening into the larynx, due to muscular contractions of the throat.

is the limited ability to breathe when lying down and becomes relieved when sitting upright

refers to a sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or convulsion

an expectorated (coughed out from the lungs) matter. Contains mucus, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood

rapid breathing

the symptom of pain in the chest region. Alternate meaning - thoracodynia

the symptom of pain in the chest region. Alternate meaning - thoracalgia

the absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation. 

literally means "condition without a pulse"

• a condition of the lungs that is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucous plugs.
• It produces the symptoms wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and frequent coughing during an episode, the frequency of which varies with every patient.

condition in which trauma or disease causes aveoli to collapse, preventing air from entering. Commonly called Collapsed Lung

a chronic abnormal dilation (widening) of the bronchi

inflammation of the bronchi

an aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi

an cute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli.

often occurs in a lobe of a lung, lending it the alternate name of Lobar pneumonia

an obstruction of air flow to and from the lungs due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema

A fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which often spreads to the lungs and other organs

The common cold is caused by a virus that infects the upper respiratory tract causing local inflammation. It is clinically called ______

It is also called Rhinitis

A viral infectious disease that is relatively common among infants and young children produces a characteristic hoarse cough with a sound resembling the bark of a dog. The cough results from a swelling of the larynx in response to a viral infection.

The clinical term is Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)

A severe hereditary disease that is characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere.

chronic lung disease characterized by dyspnea, chronic cough, barrel chest, and chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia

inflammation of the epiglottis

inflammation of the larynx

a form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella peumophilia

also called Legionnaires' disease

cancer that arises from the cells lining the bronchi or from the soft tissues of the lung; also called adenocarcinoma of the lung

inflammation of the nose and pharynx

• an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing
• Also known as the whooping cough

• inflammation of the pharynx.
• is often called "sore throat"

a disease in which fluid leaks into the pleural cavity due to injury or infection of the pleural membrane

• inflammation of the pleural membranes.
• also called pluerisy

inflammation of the pleural membranes and the lungs

inflammation of the lungs, when caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles.

the most common forms of this are asbestosis, caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers. and silicosis, caused by inhalation of fine silicone dust

inflammation of soft lung tissue caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens that results in the formation of an exudate within alveoli; it can also be by smoke inhalation

inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause

abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity

The accumulation of fluid within the tiny air sacs within the lungs (the alveoli) is a response to infection or injury

a blockage in the pulmonary circulation due to a mobile blood clot

• the presence of pus in the pleural cavity.
• it is also known as empyema

a severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory failure; one form affects newborns (neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS) another affects adults (adult or acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)

inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity

a viral infection that causes lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

inflammation of one or more tonsils

inflammation of the trachea

narrowing of the trachea

• infection of the lungs by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
• the constructed term literally means "condition of a little swelling"

a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx)

a clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid

surgical removal of a chronically inflamed adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil)

a therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamine

a clinical test on arterial blood to identify blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide

the procedure that removes fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction

a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination, often with the aid of a stethoscope

procedure that uses a bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscles of the airways in an effort to stop bronchial constriction

the X-ray imaging of the bronchi using a contrast medium to highlight the bronchial tree

diagnostic imaging of the chest by computed tomography

• an X-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, and other conditions of the lungs
• Also called a chest radiography

a device that is commonly used to regulate breathing during sleep as a treatment for sleep apnea

• A physician specializing in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease.
• Alternate terms include otolaryngologist, otonasolaryngologist, and otorhinolaryngologist

pertaining to within the trachea

insertion of a noncollapsible breathing tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth

a drug that breaks up the mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus

a valuable postoperative breathing therapy

surgical removal of the larynx

diagnostic procedure that used a laryngoscope (modified endoscope used to visually examine the larynx) to view the larynx

surgical incision into the larynx and trachea

surgical removal of a single lobe of a lung

medical treatment that provides supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress with a ventilator (device that pushes air into the patients airway)

a device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs with the deep inhalation

procedure that measures oxygen levels in the blood using an oximeter (an instrument that measures oxygen levels in the blood)

surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity

a surgical puncture using a needle and syringe into the thoracic cavity to aspirate plueral fluid for diagnosis or treatment; also called thoracocentesis

surgical removal of a lung; also called pneumectomy

a diagnostic procedure that evaluated the circulation of the lungs

a series of diagnostic tests that determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through spirometry

a physician specializing in the treatment of diseases affecting lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs

an emergency procedure that is used to restore breathing known as pulmonary resuscitation

surgical repair of the nose

a type of rhinoplasty that involves surgical repair of a deviation of the nasal septum to improve breathing

simple skin test used to determine the presence of a tuberculosis infection; also called PPD skin test and Mantoux skin test

surgical puncture into the chest cavity, usually for insertion of a drainage or air tube

surgical incision into the chest wall

surgical repair of the trachea

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea, usually for insertion of a breathing tube

surgical incision into the trachea

diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine or radioactive material to evaluate pulmonary function; also called lung scan, and V/Q scan