-
Respiratory System
brings oxygen into the bloodstream, through which it is transported to all body cells
-
Respiration
the process of providing cells with oxygen
-
Acapnia
The absence of carbon dioxide.
-
Anoxia
The absence of oxygen
-
Aphonia
The absence of voice
-
Apnea
a longer-than-normal pause between breaths
-
Bradypnea
abnormal slowing of breathing rhythm
-
bronchospasm
a narrowing of the airway caused by the contraction of smooth muscles in the walls of the tiny tubes known as bronchioles within the lungs
-
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
is a repeated pattern of distressed breathing marked by a gradual increase of deep breathing, followed by shallow breathing, and apnea.
-
dysphonia
the symptom of a hoarse voice
-
dyspnea
difficulty breathing, usually caused by a respiratory disease or cardiac disorder
-
eupnea
normal breathing rhythm
-
epistaxis
a nosebleed. can be a sign of high blood pressure, a nasal sinus infection, inhalation of a toxic irritant or particle, or a blow to the face. It is also called a "rhinorrhagia" - abnormal discharge of nose
-
hemoptysis
the symptom of coughing and spitting up blood.
-
hemothorax
Chest blood. It is the pooling of blood within the pleural cavity surrounding the lungs
-
hypercapnia
excessive levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
-
hypocapnia
low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
-
hyperpnea
The sign of abnormally deep breathing or an abnormally high rate of breathing
-
hypopnea
Abnormally shallow breathing
-
Hypoventilation
a reduced breathing rhythm that fails to meet the body's gas exchange demands
-
Hyperventilation
Accelerated breathing rhythm
-
hypoxemia
a respiratory deficiency in which the oxygen levels in the blood are abnormally low
-
hypoxia
the sign of low levels of oxygen throughout the body
-
laryngospasm
the closure of the glottis, the opening into the larynx, due to muscular contractions of the throat.
-
orthopnea
is the limited ability to breathe when lying down and becomes relieved when sitting upright
-
paroxysm
refers to a sudden onset of symptomatic sharp pain or convulsion
-
sputum
an expectorated (coughed out from the lungs) matter. Contains mucus, inhaled particulates, and sometimes pus or blood
-
tachypnea
rapid breathing
-
thoracalgia
the symptom of pain in the chest region. Alternate meaning - thoracodynia
-
Thoracodynia
the symptom of pain in the chest region. Alternate meaning - thoracalgia
-
asphyxia
the absence of respiratory ventilation, or suffocation.
literally means "condition without a pulse"
-
asthma
- a condition of the lungs that is characterized by widespread narrowing of the bronchioles and formation of mucous plugs.
- It produces the symptoms wheezing, shortness of breath, chest pain, and frequent coughing during an episode, the frequency of which varies with every patient.
-
atelectasis
condition in which trauma or disease causes aveoli to collapse, preventing air from entering. Commonly called Collapsed Lung
-
bronchiectasis
a chronic abnormal dilation (widening) of the bronchi
-
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
-
bronchogenic carcinoma
an aggressive form of cancer arising from cells within the bronchi
-
bronchopneumonia
an cute inflammatory disease involving the bronchioles and the alveoli.
often occurs in a lobe of a lung, lending it the alternate name of Lobar pneumonia
-
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
an obstruction of air flow to and from the lungs due to chronic bronchitis and emphysema
-
coccidioidomycosis
A fungal infection of the upper respiratory tract, which often spreads to the lungs and other organs
-
coryza
The common cold is caused by a virus that infects the upper respiratory tract causing local inflammation. It is clinically called ______
It is also called Rhinitis
-
croup
A viral infectious disease that is relatively common among infants and young children produces a characteristic hoarse cough with a sound resembling the bark of a dog. The cough results from a swelling of the larynx in response to a viral infection.
The clinical term is Laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB)
-
cystic fibrosis (CF)
A severe hereditary disease that is characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract, digestive tract, and elsewhere.
-
emphysema
chronic lung disease characterized by dyspnea, chronic cough, barrel chest, and chronic hypoxemia and hypercapnia
-
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
-
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
-
legionellosis
a form of pneumonia caused by the bacterium Legionella peumophilia
also called Legionnaires' disease
-
lung cancer
cancer that arises from the cells lining the bronchi or from the soft tissues of the lung; also called adenocarcinoma of the lung
-
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
-
pertussis
- an acute infectious disease characterized by inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi that produces spasmodic coughing
- Also known as the whooping cough
-
pharyngitis
- inflammation of the pharynx.
- is often called "sore throat"
-
pleural effusion
a disease in which fluid leaks into the pleural cavity due to injury or infection of the pleural membrane
-
pleuritis
- inflammation of the pleural membranes.
- also called pluerisy
-
pleuropneumonia
inflammation of the pleural membranes and the lungs
-
pneumoconiosis
inflammation of the lungs, when caused by the chronic inhalation of fine particles.
the most common forms of this are asbestosis, caused by inhalation of asbestos fibers. and silicosis, caused by inhalation of fine silicone dust
-
pneumonia
inflammation of soft lung tissue caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal pathogens that results in the formation of an exudate within alveoli; it can also be by smoke inhalation
-
pneumonitis
inflammatory condition of the lungs that is independent of a particular cause
-
pneumothorax
abnormal presence of air or gas within the pleural cavity
-
pulmonary edema
The accumulation of fluid within the tiny air sacs within the lungs (the alveoli) is a response to infection or injury
-
pulmonary embolism (PE)
a blockage in the pulmonary circulation due to a mobile blood clot
-
pyothorax
- the presence of pus in the pleural cavity.
- it is also known as empyema
-
respiratory distress syndrome (RDS)
a severe respiratory disease that is characterized by rapid respiratory failure; one form affects newborns (neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, NRDS) another affects adults (adult or acute respiratory distress syndrome, ARDS)
-
rhinitis
inflammation of the mucous membrane lining the nasal cavity
-
severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
a viral infection that causes lung inflammation, alveolar damage, and atelectasis
-
sinusitis
inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses
-
tonsillitis
inflammation of one or more tonsils
-
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
-
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
-
tuberculosis (TB)
- infection of the lungs by Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacterium
- the constructed term literally means "condition of a little swelling"
-
upper respiratory infection (URI)
a generalized infection of the upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity, pharynx, and larynx)
-
acid-fast bacilli smear (AFB)
a clinical test performed on sputum to identify the presence of bacteria that react to acid
-
adenoidectomy
surgical removal of a chronically inflamed adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil)
-
antihistamine
a therapeutic drug that inhibits the effects of histamine
-
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
a clinical test on arterial blood to identify blood levels of oxygen and carbon dioxide
-
aspiration
the procedure that removes fluid, air, or foreign bodies with suction
-
auscultation
a procedure that involves listening to sounds within the body as part of a physical examination, often with the aid of a stethoscope
-
bronchodilation
procedure that uses a bronchodilating agent to relax the smooth muscles of the airways in an effort to stop bronchial constriction
-
bronchography
the X-ray imaging of the bronchi using a contrast medium to highlight the bronchial tree
-
chest CT scan
diagnostic imaging of the chest by computed tomography
-
chest X-ray (CXR).
- an X-ray image of the thoracic cavity that is used to diagnose tuberculosis, tumors, and other conditions of the lungs
- Also called a chest radiography
-
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
a device that is commonly used to regulate breathing during sleep as a treatment for sleep apnea
-
ears, nose, and throat specialist (ENT)
- A physician specializing in the treatment of upper respiratory tract disease.
- Alternate terms include otolaryngologist, otonasolaryngologist, and otorhinolaryngologist
-
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
-
endotracheal intubation
insertion of a noncollapsible breathing tube into the trachea through the nose or mouth
-
expectorant
a drug that breaks up the mucus and promotes the coughing reflex to expel the mucus
-
incentive spirometry
a valuable postoperative breathing therapy
-
laryngectomy
surgical removal of the larynx
-
laryngoscopy
diagnostic procedure that used a laryngoscope (modified endoscope used to visually examine the larynx) to view the larynx
-
laryngotracheotomy
surgical incision into the larynx and trachea
-
lobectomy
surgical removal of a single lobe of a lung
-
mechanical ventilation
medical treatment that provides supplemental oxygen to patients in respiratory distress with a ventilator (device that pushes air into the patients airway)
-
nebulizer
a device used to convert a liquid medication to a mist and deliver it to the lungs with the deep inhalation
-
oximetry
procedure that measures oxygen levels in the blood using an oximeter (an instrument that measures oxygen levels in the blood)
-
pleurocentesis
surgical puncture and aspiration of fluid from the pleural cavity
-
thoracentesis
a surgical puncture using a needle and syringe into the thoracic cavity to aspirate plueral fluid for diagnosis or treatment; also called thoracocentesis
-
pneumonectomy
surgical removal of a lung; also called pneumectomy
-
pulmonary angiography
a diagnostic procedure that evaluated the circulation of the lungs
-
pulmonary function tests (PFT)
a series of diagnostic tests that determine the cause of lung disease by evaluating lung capacity through spirometry
-
pulmonologist
a physician specializing in the treatment of diseases affecting lower respiratory tract, particularly the lungs
-
resuscitation
an emergency procedure that is used to restore breathing known as pulmonary resuscitation
-
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
-
septoplasty
a type of rhinoplasty that involves surgical repair of a deviation of the nasal septum to improve breathing
-
TB skin test
simple skin test used to determine the presence of a tuberculosis infection; also called PPD skin test and Mantoux skin test
-
thoracostomy
surgical puncture into the chest cavity, usually for insertion of a drainage or air tube
-
thoracotomy
surgical incision into the chest wall
-
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
-
tracheostomy
surgical creation of an opening into the trachea, usually for insertion of a breathing tube
-
tracheotomy
surgical incision into the trachea
-
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)
diagnostic tool that uses nuclear medicine or radioactive material to evaluate pulmonary function; also called lung scan, and V/Q scan
|
|