galenicals

is a Greek anatomist whose theories formed the basis of European medicine until the Renaissance

described various method of extracting the crude drugs for the first time

the branch dealing with the extraction of plants and animal drugs

involves the separation of medicinally active portions of plant or animal tissue from the inactive or inert components by using selective solvents

various methods used for extraction

emetine is from _____
reserpine is from ______
atropine is from ______

carmine is from the insect

solvent of extraction

filtrate is known as

damp crude drug is known as

advantages of infusion

disadvantages of infusion

advantages of maceration

disadvantage of maceration

advantages of percolation

disadvantages of percolation

advantages of water

disadvantages of water

advantages of alcohol

disadvantages of alcohol

in this process a suitably finally divided drug is treated with either hot or cold water for certain length of time, after which the fluid portion is strained off and retained and the solid portion is rejected

2 types of infusion

classification of maceration

a process for tinctures made from organized drugs

a process for tinctures made from unorganized drugs such as oleo resins and gum resins

process wherein the menstruum used is divided into parts

3 types of apparatus used in percolation

in this process the drug is subjected to pressure and thus its juices are obtained

in this process solids are separated from fluids by allowing the latter to pass out through a porous diaphragm

in this process the watery constituents of drugs are got rid by the aid of current of either hot or cold air

in this process volatile substances are separated from non volatile or less volatile by the aid of heat

in this process the drug is reduced to a very finely divided condition

intimate mixing and powdering of two drugs by means of a mortar and pestle or of a spatula

fluid esters of the higher fatty acids with glycerol obtained by expression from fruits, seeds, etc

are solid esters of higher fatty acids and glycerol and are soluble in the same reagents as the oils

are usually mixtures of higher fatty acids and glycerol and higher alcohol

are usually mixtures of hydrocarbons chhiefly fluids terpenes associated with more highly more oxidized mebers stearoptenes which may be obtained in a solid state

solid preparation obtained from oils by oxidation

resins or oleo resins either liquid or solid which contain benzoic or cinnamic acids or both

solid or semi solid exudations of plants which dissolve either partially or completely in water, forming a mucilage or an adhesive jelly and are precipitated by alcohol

active principles which may be readily broken up by acids or alkalies in the presence of water setting free glucose

nitrogenous organic bases usually pyridine derivatives which are generally crystalline though some are liquid

these are weak acids containing benzene ring, astingent in taste, freely soluble in alcohol and water